Bornschein R L
Environ Health Perspect. 1985 Oct;62:343-51. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8562343.
A brief overview of current views of child development is provided, with particular attention given to the role the child's physical and social environment plays in influencing the developmental process. Examples from the recent literature are used to illustrate how these factors can influence lead exposure and most importantly how they might interact with lead to ameliorate or exacerbate possible lead effects. An example is provided which demonstrates that failure to control adequately and to adjust the data statistically to correct for the influence of these factors can lead one erroneously to attribute cognitive and behavioral changes to lead. Finally, data from the Cincinnati Prospective Lead Study are presented to illustrate the application of structural equation modeling as a means for unraveling the complex web of sociodemographic, environmental and behavioral influences on childhood lead exposure. The latter analysis indicates that for children less than 24 months of age, lead-containing dust in the home and on the children's hands are important determinates of their blood lead levels. This relationship is influenced by the amount of maternal involvement with their child and other indices of interaction between the child and primary caregiver.
本文简要概述了当前关于儿童发展的观点，特别关注儿童的身体和社会环境在影响发展过程中所起的作用。引用近期文献中的例子来说明这些因素如何影响铅暴露，以及最重要的是它们如何与铅相互作用，从而减轻或加剧可能的铅影响。文中给出了一个例子，表明如果未能充分控制并对数据进行统计调整以校正这些因素的影响，可能会导致人们错误地将认知和行为变化归因于铅。最后，展示了辛辛那提前瞻性铅研究的数据，以说明结构方程模型作为一种手段，用于揭示社会人口统计学、环境和行为对儿童铅暴露的复杂影响网络。后一项分析表明，对于24个月以下的儿童，家中和儿童手上的含铅灰尘是其血铅水平的重要决定因素。这种关系受到母亲与孩子互动程度以及孩子与主要照顾者之间其他互动指标的影响。
