Agunos Agnes, Carson Carolee, Léger Dave
Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5B2.
Can Vet J. 2013 Nov;54(11):1041-52.
This paper identifies common poultry diseases requiring antimicrobial therapy, antimicrobials deemed efficacious to treat these diseases, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these commodity-pathogen combinations, and describes current residue issues and minor use minor species (MUMS) guidelines. Veterinarians with turkey/layer expertise and diagnosticians were surveyed to determine the bacterial and protozoal diseases diagnosed in the last 5 years. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale were the 3 most frequently diagnosed pathogens of turkeys. In layers, E. coli-peritonitis, and Clostridium perfringens/Eimeria spp. infections were the most common diagnoses. A literature review identified 32 antimicrobials as efficacious and/or recommended for treating these diseases. Surveillance and monitoring indicate the presence of enteric resistant organisms from some of these avian species (including resistance to antimicrobials of very high importance to human medicine). This paper highlights the need for surveillance of pathogen frequency, antimicrobial use (AMU), and AMR particularly in turkeys.
本文确定了需要抗菌治疗的常见家禽疾病、被认为对治疗这些疾病有效的抗菌药物，以及这些商品-病原体组合中的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR），并描述了当前的残留问题和小众用途小众品种（MUMS）指南。对具有火鸡/蛋鸡专业知识的兽医和诊断人员进行了调查，以确定过去5年中诊断出的细菌和原生动物疾病。禽致病性大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和鼻气管鸟杆菌是火鸡最常诊断出的3种病原体。在蛋鸡中，大肠杆菌性腹膜炎以及产气荚膜梭菌/艾美耳球虫属感染是最常见的诊断。文献综述确定了32种抗菌药物对治疗这些疾病有效和/或被推荐使用。监测表明，这些禽类中存在肠道耐药菌（包括对人类医学极为重要的抗菌药物耐药）。本文强调了对病原体频率、抗菌药物使用（AMU）和AMR进行监测的必要性，尤其是在火鸡中。
