Siegel J M, Tomaszewski K S, Nienhuis R
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1986 Mar;63(3):274-88. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(86)90095-7.
Behavioral state organization was studied in the caudal portion of chronically maintained cats with transections at the ponto-medullary junction or midpontine level. The cats spent most of their time in a 'quiescent state.' This state was periodically interrupted by 'phasic activations.' During quiescence, ECG and reticular unit activity rates were low and regular. EMG levels resembled those seen during non-REM sleep in intact cats. During phasic activations, unit activity in the nucleus gigantocellularis and neck EMG activity increased to levels seen in the intact cat during active waking. Gross postural changes, vestibular slow phase head nystagmus and head shake reflexes could be observed at these times. No periods of neck muscle atonia were observed in either state. No periods of brain-stem controlled rapid eye movements (REMs) occurred. Unit activity patterns similar to those seen in the intact cat during REM sleep were never observed. Physostigmine administration did not produce REM sleep signs, but rather, triggered an aroused state. Phasic activations occurred in a regular ultradian rhythm, with a period similar to that seen in the REM sleep cycle. We conclude that the chronic medullary cat retains primitive aroused and quiescent states, but does not have any of the local signs of REM sleep. However, the medulla does have the capability of generating ultradian rhythmicities which may contribute to the control of the basic rest activity cycle and the REM, non-REM sleep cycle.
在脑桥延髓交界处或脑桥中部水平横断的长期存活猫的尾部区域，对行为状态组织进行了研究。这些猫大部分时间处于“安静状态”。这种状态会周期性地被“相位激活”打断。在安静期间，心电图和网状单位活动率低且规律。肌电图水平类似于完整猫在非快速眼动睡眠期间所见。在相位激活期间，巨细胞网状核的单位活动和颈部肌电图活动增加到完整猫在清醒活跃时所见的水平。此时可观察到明显的姿势变化、前庭慢相头部眼震和头部摇头反射。在这两种状态下均未观察到颈部肌肉弛缓期。未出现脑干控制的快速眼动（REM）期。从未观察到类似于完整猫在快速眼动睡眠期间所见的单位活动模式。给予毒扁豆碱未产生快速眼动睡眠迹象，反而引发了一种觉醒状态。相位激活以规则的超日节律发生，其周期类似于快速眼动睡眠周期中所见的周期。我们得出结论，慢性延髓猫保留了原始的觉醒和安静状态，但没有任何快速眼动睡眠的局部迹象。然而，延髓确实具有产生超日节律的能力，这可能有助于控制基本的休息 - 活动周期以及快速眼动、非快速眼动睡眠周期。
