Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd. Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
J Microbiol Methods. 2013 Dec;95(3):415-24. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.10.006. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
Over the last two decades, sequencing tools have evolved from laborious time-consuming methodologies to real-time detection and deciphering of genomic DNA. Genome sequencing, especially using next generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the landscape of microbiology and infectious disease. This deluge of sequencing data has not only enabled advances in fundamental biology but also helped improve diagnosis, typing of pathogen, virulence and antibiotic resistance detection, and development of new vaccines and culture media. In addition, NGS also enabled efficient analysis of complex human micro-floras, both commensal, and pathological, through metagenomic methods, thus helping the comprehension and management of human diseases such as obesity. This review summarizes technological advances in genomics and metagenomics relevant to the field of medical microbiology.
在过去的二十年中，测序技术已经从繁琐耗时的方法演变为实时检测和解析基因组 DNA。基因组测序，特别是使用下一代测序 (NGS)，彻底改变了微生物学和传染病学的面貌。这种测序数据的大量涌现不仅推动了基础生物学的进步，还有助于改善诊断、病原体分型、毒力和抗生素耐药性检测，以及新疫苗和培养基的开发。此外，NGS 还通过宏基因组学方法实现了对复杂人类微生物群（包括共生和病理性的微生物群）的有效分析，从而有助于理解和管理肥胖等人类疾病。本文综述了与医学微生物学领域相关的基因组学和宏基因组学的技术进展。
