Wellesley College, 02181, Wellesley, Massachusetts.
Mem Cognit. 1978 Sep;6(5):537-43. doi: 10.3758/BF03198242.
In recent years, a number of proposals have been advanced to account for the errors that subjects make in deductive inferences from invalid syllogisms. Principles such as erroneous conversion of premises, probabilistic inference, feature selection, and various other interpretation and combination processes have been suggested. The present paper focuses on the 32 invalid categorical syllogisms for which conversion of premises does not provide an explanation of subject error. An explanation is presented in terms of three error processes: the erroneous conversion of conclusions resulting from backward processing, the erroneous integration of information from the two premises, and the failure to consider hypothetical possibilities. Empirical predictions regarding the differential difficulty of the various premise combinations as well as the pattern of correlations between premise combinations are derived from this formulation, and data are presented that support these predictions.
近年来，许多学者提出了一些假设来解释主体在无效三段论推理中出现的错误。这些假设包括前提错误转换、概率推理、特征选择以及各种其他解释和组合过程。本文重点研究了 32 个无效的直言三段论，这些三段论的错误无法通过前提转换来解释。本文提出了三种错误过程的解释：从后向前推理导致的错误结论转换、两个前提信息的错误整合以及忽略假设可能性。基于这一表述，本文提出了关于不同前提组合难度差异的实证预测以及前提组合之间相关性模式，并呈现了支持这些预测的数据。
