State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, PR China.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2014 Jan-Feb;6(1):80-101. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1251. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
The field of theranostics has sprung up to achieve personalized medicine. The theranostics fuses diagnostic and therapeutic functions, empowering early diagnosis, targeted drug delivery, and real-time monitoring of treatment effect into one step. One particularly attractive class of nanomaterials for theranostic application is lanthanide-doped hollow nanomaterials (LDHNs). Because of the existence of lanthanide ions, LDHNs show outstanding fluorescent and paramagnetic properties, enabling them to be used as multimodal bioimaging agents. Synchronously, the huge interior cavities of LDHNs are able to be applied as efficacious tools for storage and delivery of therapeutic agents. The LDHNs can be divided into two types based on difference of component: single-phase lanthanide-doped hollow nanomaterials and lanthanide-doped hollow nanocomposites. We describe the synthesis of first kind of nanomaterials by use of hard template, soft template, template-free, and self-sacrificing template method. For lanthanide-doped hollow nanocomposites, we divide the preparation strategies into three kinds (one-step, two-step, and multistep method) according to the synthetic procedures. Furthermore, we also illustrate the potential bioapplications of these LDHNs, including biodetection, imaging (fluorescent imaging and magnetic resonance imaging), drug/gene delivery, and other therapeutic applications.
治疗学领域的兴起是为了实现个性化医疗。治疗学将诊断和治疗功能融合在一起，实现了早期诊断、靶向药物输送和治疗效果的实时监测。对于治疗应用，一类特别有吸引力的纳米材料是镧系掺杂的中空纳米材料（LDHNs）。由于镧系离子的存在，LDHNs 表现出出色的荧光和顺磁性，使它们能够用作多模态生物成像剂。同时，LDHNs 的巨大内腔可作为治疗剂储存和输送的有效工具。根据成分的不同，LDHNs 可以分为两类：单相镧系掺杂中空纳米材料和镧系掺杂中空纳米复合材料。我们描述了使用硬模板、软模板、无模板和自牺牲模板方法合成第一类纳米材料的方法。对于镧系掺杂中空纳米复合材料，我们根据合成步骤将制备策略分为三种（一步法、两步法和多步法）。此外，我们还说明了这些 LDHNs 的潜在生物应用，包括生物检测、成像（荧光成像和磁共振成像）、药物/基因输送和其他治疗应用。
