School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK.
School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2014 Mar 28;111(6):1137-44. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513003474. Epub 2013 Nov 11.
Previous research has suggested that sensory characteristics of a drink modify the acute satiating effects of its nutrients, with enhanced satiety being evident when a high-energy drink was thicker and tasted creamier. The present study tested whether this modulation of satiety by sensory context was altered by repeated consumption. Participants (n 48) consumed one of four drinks mid-morning on seven non-consecutive days, with satiety responses being measured pre-exposure (day 1), post-exposure (day 6) and at a 1-month follow-up. The drinks combined two levels of energy (lower energy (LE), 326 kJ and higher energy, 1163 kJ) with two levels of satiety-predictive sensory characteristics (low sensory (LS) or enhanced sensory). Test lunch intake 90 min after drink consumption depended on both the energy content and sensory characteristics of the drink before exposure, but on the energy content alone after exposure and at the follow-up. The largest change was an increase in test meal intake over time in the LE/LS condition. The effects on intake were reflected in appetite ratings, with rated hunger and expected filling affected by sensory characteristics and energy content pre-exposure, but were largely determined by energy content post-exposure and at the follow-up. In contrast, a measure of expected satiety reflected sensory characteristics regardless of energy content on all the three test days. Overall, these data suggest that some aspects of the sensory modulation of satiety are changed by repeated consumption, with covert energy becoming more effective in suppressing appetite over time, but also suggest that these behavioural changes are not readily translated into expectations of satiety.
先前的研究表明，饮料的感官特征会改变其营养成分的即时饱腹感，当高能量饮料更浓稠且口感更醇厚时，饱腹感会增强。本研究测试了这种由感官环境调节的饱腹感是否会因反复摄入而改变。参与者（n=48）在七个非连续的日子的上午中间时段饮用了四种饮料之一，在暴露前（第 1 天）、暴露后（第 6 天）和 1 个月的随访中测量了饱腹感反应。这些饮料将两种能量水平（低能量（LE），326kJ 和高能量，1163kJ）与两种饱腹感预测的感官特征（低感官（LS）或增强感官）相结合。暴露后 90 分钟的测试午餐摄入量取决于暴露前饮料的能量含量和感官特征，但仅取决于暴露后的能量含量和随访时的能量含量。最大的变化是在 LE/LS 条件下，测试餐摄入量随时间的推移而增加。摄入量的影响反映在食欲评分中，暴露前，饥饿感和预期饱腹感会受到感官特征和能量含量的影响，但暴露后和随访时，主要取决于能量含量。相比之下，预计饱腹感的衡量标准反映了感官特征，而与能量含量无关，在所有三个测试日都是如此。总的来说，这些数据表明，饱腹感的一些感官调节方面因反复摄入而发生变化，随着时间的推移，隐性能量在抑制食欲方面变得更加有效，但也表明这些行为变化不容易转化为饱腹感的预期。
