Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactives and Drug Discovery (MabCent-SFI), University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Research-based Innovation on Marine Bioactives and Drug Discovery (MabCent-SFI), University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2014 Mar;43(1):106-13. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.10.013. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a crucial role in innate immunity. We have previously reported the isolation and characterization of the AMPs, strongylocins 1 and 2, and centrocin 1, from coelomocyte extracts of Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Here we show that these AMPs were expressed in phagocytes. In addition, transcripts of strongylocin 1 were detected in vibratile cells and/or colorless spherule cells, while transcripts of strongylocin 2 were found in red spherule cells. Results from immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry studies showed that centrocin 1 was produced by phagocytes and stored in granular vesicles. Co-localization of centrocin 1 and phagocytosed bacteria suggests that the granular vesicles containing centrocin 1 may be involved in the formation of phagolysosomes. We also analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of AMPs throughout larval development. Strongylocins were expressed in the early pluteus stage, while centrocin 1 was expressed in the mid pluteus stage. The spatial expression pattern showed that centrocin 1 was mainly located in blastocoelar cells (BCs) around the stomach and the esophagus. In addition, a few patrolling BCs were detected in some larval arms. Together, these results suggest that AMPs are expressed in different types of coelomocytes and that centrocin 1 is involved in response against bacteria. Furthermore, the expression of AMPs in larval pluteus stage, especially in BCs, indicates that AMPs and BCs are engaged in the larval immune system.
抗菌肽 (AMPs) 在先天免疫中发挥着至关重要的作用。我们之前已经报道了从海参体腔细胞提取物中分离和鉴定的 AMPs，即强啡肽 1 和 2 以及中脑啡肽 1。在这里，我们表明这些 AMPs 在吞噬细胞中表达。此外，在振动细胞和/或无色球状体细胞中检测到强啡肽 1 的转录物，而在红色球状体细胞中发现了强啡肽 2 的转录物。免疫印迹和免疫细胞化学研究的结果表明，中脑啡肽 1 由吞噬细胞产生并储存在颗粒小泡中。中脑啡肽 1 与吞噬细菌的共定位表明，含有中脑啡肽 1 的颗粒小泡可能参与了吞噬体的形成。我们还分析了 AMPs 在幼虫发育过程中的时空表达。强啡肽在早期担轮幼虫期表达，而中脑啡肽 1 在中期担轮幼虫期表达。空间表达模式表明，中脑啡肽 1 主要位于胃和食管周围的囊胚腔细胞 (BCs) 中。此外，在一些幼虫臂中还检测到一些游动 BCs。总之，这些结果表明 AMPs 在不同类型的体腔细胞中表达，并且中脑啡肽 1 参与了对细菌的反应。此外，在幼虫担轮幼虫期表达 AMPs，特别是在 BCs 中，表明 AMPs 和 BCs 参与了幼虫免疫系统。
