Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
3B's Research Group, I3B's-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2022 Mar 22;20(4):219. doi: 10.3390/md20040219.
Aquatic invertebrates are a major source of biomaterials and bioactive natural products that can find applications as pharmaceutics, nutraceutics, cosmetics, antibiotics, antifouling products and biomaterials. Symbiotic microorganisms are often the real producers of many secondary metabolites initially isolated from marine invertebrates; however, a certain number of them are actually synthesized by the macro-organisms. In this review, we analysed the literature of the years 2010-2019 on natural products (bioactive molecules and biomaterials) from the main phyla of marine invertebrates explored so far, including sponges, cnidarians, molluscs, echinoderms and ascidians, and present relevant examples of natural products of interest to public and private stakeholders. We also describe omics tools that have been more relevant in identifying and understanding mechanisms and processes underlying the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in marine invertebrates. Since there is increasing attention on finding new solutions for a sustainable large-scale supply of bioactive compounds, we propose that a possible improvement in the biodiscovery pipeline might also come from the study and utilization of aquatic invertebrate stem cells.
水生无脊椎动物是生物材料和生物活性天然产物的主要来源，可作为药物、营养保健品、化妆品、抗生素、防污产品和生物材料应用。共生微生物通常是最初从海洋无脊椎动物中分离出来的许多次生代谢物的真正生产者；然而，其中有一定数量的次生代谢物实际上是由大型生物合成的。在这篇综述中，我们分析了 2010 年至 2019 年的文献，这些文献涉及迄今为止探索的海洋无脊椎动物的主要门（海绵动物、刺胞动物、软体动物、棘皮动物和尾索动物）中的天然产物（生物活性分子和生物材料），并介绍了相关的天然产物实例，这些产物对公共和私营利益相关者都具有重要意义。我们还描述了在鉴定和理解海洋无脊椎动物次生代谢物生物合成的机制和过程方面更相关的组学工具。由于人们越来越关注寻找新的解决方案来实现生物活性化合物的可持续大规模供应，我们提出，水生无脊椎动物干细胞的研究和利用也可能改善生物发现的途径。
