Besednova Natalya N, Andryukov Boris G, Zaporozhets Tatyana S, Kryzhanovsky Sergey P, Kuznetsova Tatyana A, Fedyanina Ludmila N, Makarenkova Ilona D, Zvyagintseva Tatyana N
Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia.
School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia.
Biomedicines. 2020 Sep 11;8(9):342. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8090342.
The increasing drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms raises concern worldwide and necessitates the search for new natural compounds with antibacterial properties. Marine algae are considered a natural and attractive biotechnological source of novel antibiotics. The high antimicrobial activity of their polyphenolic compounds is a promising basis for designing innovative pharmaceuticals. They can become both a serious alternative to traditional antimicrobial agents and an effective supplement to antibiotic therapy. The present review summarizes the results of numerous studies on polyphenols from algae and the range of biological activities that determine their biomedical significance. The main focus is put on a group of the polyphenolic metabolites referred to as phlorotannins and, particularly, on their structural diversity and mechanisms of antimicrobial effects. Brown algae are an almost inexhaustible resource with a high biotechnological potential for obtaining these polyfunctional compounds. An opinion is expressed that the effectiveness of the antibacterial activity of phlorotannins depends on the methods of their extraction aimed at preserving the phenolic structure. The use of modern analytical tools opens up a broad range of opportunities for studying the metabolic pathways of phlorotannins and identifying their structural and functional relationships. The high antimicrobial activity of phlorotannins against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria provides a promising framework for creating novel drugs to be used in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.
致病微生物耐药性的不断增加引起了全球关注，因此有必要寻找具有抗菌特性的新型天然化合物。海藻被认为是新型抗生素的天然且有吸引力的生物技术来源。其多酚类化合物的高抗菌活性是设计创新药物的一个有前景的基础。它们既可以成为传统抗菌剂的重要替代品，也可以成为抗生素治疗的有效补充。本综述总结了众多关于藻类多酚及其一系列决定其生物医学意义的生物活性的研究结果。主要重点放在一类被称为间苯三酚鞣质的多酚代谢产物上，特别是它们的结构多样性和抗菌作用机制。褐藻是获取这些多功能化合物的具有高生物技术潜力的几乎取之不尽的资源。有一种观点认为，间苯三酚鞣质抗菌活性的有效性取决于旨在保留酚类结构的提取方法。现代分析工具的使用为研究间苯三酚鞣质的代谢途径以及确定它们的结构和功能关系开辟了广泛的机会。间苯三酚鞣质对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均具有高抗菌活性，为开发用于治疗和预防传染病的新型药物提供了一个有前景的框架。
