Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, , Innsbruck, Austria.
Br J Sports Med. 2013 Dec;47(18):1139-43. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092886.
There is limited knowledge on epidemiological injury data in judo.
To systematically review scientific literature on the frequency and characteristics of injuries in judo.
The available literature up to June 2013 was searched for prospective as well as retrospective studies on injuries in judo. Data extraction and presentation focused on the incidence rate, injury risk, types, location and causes of injuries.
During the Olympic Games in 2008 and 2012, an average injury risk of about 11-12% has been observed. Sprains, strains and contusions, usually of the knee, shoulder and fingers, were the most frequently reported injuries, whereas being thrown was the most common injury mechanism. Severe injuries were quite rare and usually affected the brain and spine, whereas chronic injuries typically affected the finger joints, lower back and ears. The most common types of injuries in young judo athletes were contusions/abrasions, fractures and sprains/strains. Sex-differences data on judo injuries were mostly inconsistent. Some studies suggested a relationship between nutrition, hydration and/or weight cycling and judo injuries. Also, psychological factors may increase the risk of judo injuries.
The present review provides the latest knowledge on the frequency and characteristics of injuries in judo. Comprehensive knowledge about the risk of injury during sport activity and related risk factors represents an essential basis to develop effective strategies for injury prevention. Thus, the introduction of an ongoing injury surveillance system in judo is of utmost importance.
在柔道运动中，有关损伤的流行病学数据的知识有限。
系统回顾有关柔道运动中损伤频率和特征的科学文献。
检索截至 2013 年 6 月的前瞻性和回顾性研究，获取关于柔道运动损伤的文献。数据提取和呈现重点关注损伤发生率、损伤风险、损伤类型、损伤部位和损伤原因。
在 2008 年和 2012 年奥运会期间，观察到的平均损伤风险约为 11-12%。最常报告的损伤是扭伤、拉伤和挫伤，通常发生在膝盖、肩膀和手指，而投掷是最常见的损伤机制。严重损伤较为罕见，通常影响大脑和脊柱，而慢性损伤通常影响手指关节、下背部和耳朵。年轻柔道运动员中最常见的损伤类型是挫伤/擦伤、骨折和扭伤/拉伤。关于柔道损伤的性别差异数据大多不一致。一些研究表明，营养、水合作用和/或体重循环与柔道损伤有关。此外，心理因素可能会增加柔道损伤的风险。
本综述提供了关于柔道运动中损伤频率和特征的最新知识。全面了解运动活动期间的损伤风险和相关风险因素是制定有效的损伤预防策略的重要基础。因此，在柔道运动中引入持续的损伤监测系统至关重要。
