Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Lab Chip. 2014 Jan 21;14(2):268-75. doi: 10.1039/c3lc50634g. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
Light-assisted 3D direct-printing of biomaterials and cellular-scaffolds has the potential to develop novel lab-on-a-chip devices (LOCs) for a variety of biomedical applications, from drug discovery and diagnostic testing to in vitro tissue engineering and regeneration. Direct-writing describes a broad family of fabrication methods that typically employ computer-controlled translational stages to manufacture structures at multi-length scales. This review focuses on light-assisted direct-write fabrication for generating 3D functional scaffolds with precise micro- and nano-architecture, using both synthetic as well as naturally derived biomaterials. Two bioprinting approaches are discussed in detail - projection printing and laser-based systems - where each method is capable of modulating multiple scaffold parameters, such as 3D architecture, mechanical properties (e.g. stiffness), Poisson's ratio, chemical gradients, biological cell distributions, and porosity. The light-assisted direct-writing techniques described in this review provide the reader with alternative approaches to fabricate 3D biomaterials for utility in LOCs.
光辅助 3D 直接打印生物材料和细胞支架具有开发用于各种生物医学应用的新型片上实验室（LOC）的潜力，从药物发现和诊断测试到体外组织工程和再生。直接书写描述了广泛的制造方法家族，这些方法通常采用计算机控制的平移台来在多长度尺度上制造结构。本综述重点介绍了使用合成和天然衍生的生物材料生成具有精确微观和纳米结构的 3D 功能支架的光辅助直接书写制造。详细讨论了两种生物打印方法 - 投影打印和基于激光的系统 - 其中每种方法都能够调节多个支架参数，例如 3D 架构、机械性能（例如硬度）、泊松比、化学梯度、生物细胞分布和孔隙率。本综述中描述的光辅助直接书写技术为读者提供了用于 LOC 中使用的 3D 生物材料制造的替代方法。
