Becerril-Ángeles Martín, Núñez-Velázquez Marco
Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades Dr Antonio Fraga Mouret, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, IMSS, México, D.F.
Rev Alerg Mex. 2013 Jul-Sep;60(3):100-4.
Allergy to Hymenoptera venom has a low prevalence in the general population, but in beekeepers could be as high as 42%. The exposure to bee sting confers an occupational allergic risk to beekeepers, causing them sensitization during the first years, which if continues for a long time may induce immune tolerance.
To know some risk factors of allergic reactions to honey-bee stings in a sample of beekeepers through a self-applied questionnaire.
A self-applied questionnaire was performed by beekeepers from the whole country, with questions about age, sex, time of beekeeping activities, average number of stings per month and types of post-sting reactions. The relative risk and the odds ratio were calculated for some risk factors.
A total of 1541 questionnaires were completed. The average age was 37 years. There were 1289 (84%) men and 252 women. The average time of exposure to honey-bee sting was 7.2 years, and the number of stings per month averaged 33. There was atopic family history in 14.5% of the beekeepers, and 20% of them had personal atopy. In 125 (8%) beekeepers there were local allergic reactions and in 32 (2%) there were systemic allergic reactions. The relative risk for allergy to honey-bee venom in whom had atopic family history was 3.9 (CI 1.7-9.2), in those with less than 4 stings per month was 3.2 (CI 1.12-9.33), in those with more than 20 years exposure was 0.97 (CI 0.95-0.98) and for those over 50 years of age was 0.32 (CI 0.1-0.8). Beekeepers with less than 10 years of exposure had OR of 4.33 (CI 0.5-33.9).
The risk factors observed for hypersentivity to honey-bee venom in beekeepers were: atopic family history, less than 10 years of exposure and less than 4 stings per month. As probable protective factors we found the exposure for over 20 years and persons older than 50 years of age.
膜翅目昆虫毒液过敏在普通人群中的患病率较低，但在养蜂人中患病率可能高达42%。接触蜜蜂蜇刺会给养蜂人带来职业性过敏风险，在最初几年会使他们致敏，如果长期持续接触可能会诱导免疫耐受。
通过一份自我填写的问卷，了解养蜂人样本中对蜜蜂蜇刺过敏反应的一些风险因素。
全国养蜂人进行自我填写问卷，问题涉及年龄、性别、养蜂活动时间、每月平均蜇刺次数以及蜇刺后反应类型。计算了一些风险因素的相对风险和比值比。
共完成1541份问卷。平均年龄为37岁。男性有1289人（84%），女性有252人。接触蜜蜂蜇刺的平均时间为7.2年，每月蜇刺次数平均为33次。14.5%的养蜂人有特应性家族史，其中20%有个人特应性。125名（8%）养蜂人有局部过敏反应，32名（2%）有全身过敏反应。有特应性家族史的人对蜜蜂毒液过敏的相对风险为3.9（95%置信区间1.7 - 9.2），每月蜇刺少于4次的人为3.2（95%置信区间1.12 - 9.33），接触超过20年的人为0.97（95%置信区间0.95 - 0.98），50岁以上的人为0.32（95%置信区间0.1 - 0.8）。接触少于10年的养蜂人的比值比为4.33（95%置信区间0.5 - 33.9）。
养蜂人中对蜜蜂毒液过敏的风险因素为：特应性家族史、接触少于10年以及每月蜇刺少于4次。作为可能的保护因素，我们发现接触超过20年以及50岁以上的人。
