Annila I T, Karjalainen E S, Annila P A, Kuusisto P A
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1996 Nov;77(5):423-7. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63342-X.
A majority of subjects allergic to bee venom are beekeepers, their relatives, or neighbors. Predetermining systemic reactivity to honeybee stings and risk assessment through laboratory tests have been unsatisfactory.
To estimate the prevalence and type of sting reactions, and especially to evaluate potential risk factors of systemic reactions in beekeepers.
A questionnaire concerning sting reactions and potential risk factors was mailed to all members of the regional beekeepers' association; 191 beekeepers were included in the study.
Systemic bee sting reactions were present in 50 (26%) and large local reactions in 73 (38%) of the beekeepers. Similar reactions following wasp stings were present in 2% and 13%, respectively. Twenty-four (48%) of the systemic reactors and 39 (28%) of the remaining subjects had a history of atopic symptoms (allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchial asthma, or atopic dermatitis). While working at hives, nasal and eye symptoms were present in 54% of the systemic reactors and in 23% of the remaining subjects. Systemic reactors were younger and had been beekeepers for a shorter period than nonreactive subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of systemic sting reaction increased fourfold when nasal or eye symptoms were present while working at hives and twofold when the years in beekeeping were less than 15.
The occurrence of systemic and large local reactions after bee stings is high among beekeepers. A history of atopy is associated with systemic reactions. Both the presence of nasal or eye symptoms while working at hives and a history of beekeeping less than 15 years significantly increase the risk of systemic reactions.
大多数对蜂毒过敏的人是养蜂人、他们的亲属或邻居。通过实验室检测预先确定对蜜蜂蜇伤的全身反应性和风险评估一直不尽人意。
估计蜇伤反应的患病率和类型，尤其是评估养蜂人全身反应的潜在风险因素。
向地区养蜂人协会的所有成员邮寄了一份关于蜇伤反应和潜在风险因素的问卷；191名养蜂人纳入研究。
50名（26%）养蜂人出现蜜蜂蜇伤后的全身反应，73名（38%）出现大的局部反应。黄蜂蜇伤后类似反应分别出现在2%和13%的养蜂人中。24名（48%）全身反应者和39名（28%）其余受试者有特应性症状史（过敏性鼻炎、过敏性支气管哮喘或特应性皮炎）。在蜂箱工作时，54%的全身反应者和23%的其余受试者出现鼻和眼症状。全身反应者比无反应者更年轻，从事养蜂工作的时间更短。多因素logistic回归分析显示，在蜂箱工作时出现鼻或眼症状时，全身蜇伤反应的风险增加四倍，养蜂年限少于15年时风险增加两倍。
养蜂人蜜蜂蜇伤后全身和大的局部反应发生率很高。特应性病史与全身反应有关。在蜂箱工作时出现鼻或眼症状以及养蜂年限少于15年均显著增加全身反应的风险。
