Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, , Melbourne, Australia.
Br J Sports Med. 2013 Dec;47 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i107-13. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092776.
We investigated the effect of high altitude on the match activity profile of elite youth high altitude and sea level residents.
Twenty Sea Level (Australian) and 19 Altitude-resident (Bolivian) soccer players played five games, two near sea level (430 m) and three in La Paz (3600 m). Match activity profile was quantified via global positioning system with the peak 5 min period for distance ((D₅(peak)) and high velocity running (>4.17 m/s, HIVR₅(peak)); as well as the 5 min period immediately subsequent to the peak for both distance (D₅(sub)) and high-velocity running (HIVR₅(sub)) identified using a rolling 5 min epoch. The games at 3600 m were compared with the average of the two near sea-level games.
The total distance per minute was reduced by a small magnitude in the first match at altitude in both teams, without any change in low-velocity running. There were variable changes in HiVR, D₅(peak) and HiVR₅(peak) from match to match for each team. There were within-team reductions in D₅(peak) in each game at altitude compared with those at near sea level, and this reduction was greater by a small magnitude in Australians than Bolivians in game 4. The effect of altitude on HiVR₅(peak) was moderately lower in Australians compared with Bolivians in game 3. There was no clear difference in the effect of altitude on maximal accelerations between teams.
High altitude reduces the distance covered by elite youth soccer players during matches. Neither 13 days of acclimatisation nor lifelong residence at high altitude protects against detrimental effects of altitude on match activity profile.
研究高海拔对精英青年高海拔和低海拔居民比赛活动特征的影响。
20 名低海拔（澳大利亚）和 19 名高海拔（玻利维亚）足球运动员踢了五场比赛，其中两场在海平面附近（430 米），三场在拉巴斯（3600 米）。使用全球定位系统量化比赛活动特征，其中距离的峰值 5 分钟（D₅(peak)）和高速跑动（>4.17 m/s，HIVR₅(peak)）；以及距离的峰值后 5 分钟（D₅(sub)）和高速跑动（HIVR₅(sub)）的 5 分钟滚动时段。将 3600 米处的比赛与海平面处的两场平均比赛进行比较。
两队在高海拔的第一场比赛中，每分钟总距离略有减少，但低速跑动没有变化。每队在每一场比赛中，HiVR、D₅(peak)和 HiVR₅(peak)都有不同程度的变化。与海平面相比，每个队在高海拔的每场比赛中 D₅(peak)都有所减少，而澳大利亚队的减少幅度略大于玻利维亚队在第 4 场比赛中的减少幅度。与玻利维亚队相比，澳大利亚队在第 3 场比赛中，高海拔对 HiVR₅(peak)的影响略低。两队之间在海拔高度对最大加速度的影响上没有明显差异。
高海拔会降低青少年足球运动员在比赛中的跑动距离。无论是 13 天的适应期还是终生居住在高海拔地区，都不能防止高海拔对比赛活动特征的不利影响。
