Buchheit Martin, Hammond Kristal, Bourdon Pitre C, Simpson Ben M, Garvican-Lewis Laura A, Schmidt Walter F, Gore Christopher J, Aughey Robert J
Sport Science Department, Myorobie Association , Montvalezan, France ; Performance Department, Paris Saint Germain FC, Saint-Germain-en-Laye , France.
Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University , Melbourne, Australia.
J Sports Sci Med. 2015 Mar 1;14(1):98-102. eCollection 2015 Mar.
To compare relative match intensities of sea-level versus high-altitude native soccer players during a 2-week camp at 3600 m, data from 7 sea-level (Australian U17 National team, AUS) and 6 high-altitude (a Bolivian U18 team, BOL) native soccer players were analysed. Two matches were played at sea-level and three at 3600 m on Days 1, 6 and 13. The Yo-Yo Intermittent recovery test (vYo-YoIR1) was performed at sea-level, and on Days 3 and 10. Match activity profiles were measured via 10-Hz GPS. Distance covered >14.4 km.h(-1) (D>14.4 km·h(-1)) and >80% of vYo-YoIR1 (D>80%vYo-YoIR1) were examined. Upon arrival at altitude, there was a greater decrement in vYo-YoIR1 (Cohen's d +1.0, 90%CL ± 0.8) and D>14.4 km·h(-1) (+0.5 ± 0.8) in AUS. D>14.4 km.h(-1) was similarly reduced relative to vYo-YoIR1 in both groups, so that D>80%vYo-YoIR1 remained similarly unchanged (-0.1 ± 0.8). Throughout the altitude sojourn, vYo-YoIR1 and D>14.4 km·h(-1) increased in parallel in AUS, so that D>80%vYo-YoIR1 remained stable in AUS (+6.0%/match, 90%CL ± 6.7); conversely D>80%vYo-YoIR1 decreased largely in BOL (-12.2%/match ± 6.2). In sea-level natives competing at high-altitude, changes in match running performance likely follow those in high-intensity running performance. Bolivian data confirm that increases in 'fitness' do not necessarily translate into greater match running performance, but rather in reduced relative exercise intensity. Key pointsWhen playing at high-altitude, players may alter their activities during matches in relation to their transient maximal physical capacities, possibly to maintain a 'tolerable' relative exercise intensity.While there is no doubt that running performance per se in not the main determinant of match outcomes (Carling, 2013), fitness levels influence relative match intensity (Buchheit et al., 2012, Mendez-Villanueva et al., 2013), which in-turn may impact on decision making and skill performance (Rampinini et al., 2008).In the context of high-altitude competitions, it is therefore recommended to arrive early enough (i.e., ~2 weeks) to allow (at least partial) acclimatisation, and in turn, allow sea-level native players to regulate their running activities in relation to both actual game demands and relative match intensity.
为比较海平面地区与高海拔地区本土足球运动员在海拔3600米的为期2周的训练营期间的相对比赛强度，分析了7名海平面地区（澳大利亚U17国家队，AUS）和6名高海拔地区（一支玻利维亚U18球队，BOL）本土足球运动员的数据。在第1天、第6天和第13天，在海平面地区进行了两场比赛，在海拔3600米处进行了三场比赛。在海平面地区以及第3天和第10天进行了Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试（vYo-YoIR1）。通过10赫兹全球定位系统测量比赛活动概况。检查了速度大于14.4千米/小时（D>14.4千米·小时-1）和大于vYo-YoIR1的80%（D>80%vYo-YoIR1）的跑动距离。到达高海拔地区后，AUS组的vYo-YoIR1下降幅度更大（科恩d值为+1.0，90%置信区间±0.8），D>14.4千米·小时-1下降幅度更大（+0.5±0.8）。两组中D>14.4千米·小时-1相对于vYo-YoIR1的下降幅度相似，因此D>80%vYo-YoIR保持相似的未变化状态（-0.1±0.8）。在整个高海拔逗留期间，AUS组的vYo-YoIR1和D>14.4千米·小时-1平行增加，因此D>80%vYo-YoIR1在AUS组保持稳定（每场比赛增加6.0%，90%置信区间±6.7）；相反，D>80%vYo-YoIR1在BOL组大幅下降（每场比赛下降12.2%±6.2）。在高海拔地区比赛的海平面地区本土球员中，并将在高强度跑步表现方面的变化可能与比赛跑动表现的变化相似。玻利维亚的数据证实，“体能”的提高不一定转化为更好的比赛跑动表现，而是相对运动强度降低。要点在高海拔地区比赛时，球员可能会根据其瞬时最大身体能力改变比赛中的活动，可能是为了维持“可耐受的”相对运动强度。虽然毫无疑问，跑步表现本身不是比赛结果的主要决定因素（卡林，2013年），但体能水平会影响相对比赛强度（布赫海特等人，2012年；门德斯-维拉纽瓦等人，2013年），而这反过来可能会影响决策和技术表现（兰皮尼尼等人，2008年）。因此，在高海拔比赛的背景下，建议提前足够早（即约2周）到达，以便（至少部分）适应环境，进而让海平面地区的本土球员根据实际比赛需求和相对比赛强度来调整他们的跑步活动。
