Basu Joydeep, Bertram Timothy A
1Tengion, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Toxicol Pathol. 2014 Jan;42(1):82-90. doi: 10.1177/0192623313512431. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
Regenerative biology/tissue engineering offers potential solutions for the repair and augmentation of diseased tissues and organs. Tissue engineering technology platforms currently under development for organ regeneration may function in part by recapitulating key mechanistic and signaling pathways associated with embryonic organogenesis. Temporal observations of observed morphological outcomes from the regeneration of tubular organs provide insights into the mechanisms of action associated with the activation of regenerative pathways in preclinical animal models and humans. These include induction of a neo-blastema, regeneration of laminarily organized mural elements (i.e., lamina propria, sub-mucosa, and muscularis), and formation of context appropriate transitional junctions at the point of anastomosis with other tissue elements. These results provide the foundation for a regenerative technology applicable to hollow organs of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including esophagus and small intestine. Factors affecting the efficacy of observed regenerative outcomes within the GI tract include the roles of vascularization, innervations, and mesenchymal signaling. These will be discussed in the context of an overall mechanism of adult regeneration potentially applicable by the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine industry for continued development of hollow neo-organ products.
再生生物学/组织工程为患病组织和器官的修复与增强提供了潜在的解决方案。目前正在开发的用于器官再生的组织工程技术平台，其部分功能可能是通过重现与胚胎器官发生相关的关键机制和信号通路来实现的。对管状器官再生所观察到的形态学结果进行的时间观察，为临床前动物模型和人类中与再生途径激活相关的作用机制提供了见解。这些包括新胚基的诱导、分层组织的壁层成分（即固有层、黏膜下层和肌层）的再生，以及在与其他组织成分吻合处形成合适的过渡连接。这些结果为适用于包括食管和小肠在内的胃肠道中空器官的再生技术奠定了基础。影响胃肠道内观察到的再生结果效力的因素包括血管化、神经支配和间充质信号传导的作用。这些将在组织工程和再生医学行业可能适用于中空新器官产品持续开发的成人再生整体机制的背景下进行讨论。
