Durak Roma, Lachowska-Cierlik Dorota, Bartoszewski Sławomir
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland,
J Appl Genet. 2014 Feb;55(1):89-96. doi: 10.1007/s13353-013-0184-7. Epub 2013 Nov 28.
The relationships between Cinara (Cupressobium) aphids inhabiting woody parts and leaves of conifers belonging to Cupressaceae have been studied using a mitochondrial gene (COI) and a nuclear gene (EF1-α). Based on the COI sequences, genetic distances between species ranged from 5.6 % between Cinara (C.) tujafilina (del Guercio) and Cinara (C.) juniperi (De Geer) to 10.5 % between C. (C.) tujafilina and Cinara (C.) mordvilkoi (Pašek). Genetic distances among EF1-α sequences were lower and showed from 0.1 % between C. cupressi and C. juniperi to 2.3 % between C. tujafilina and C. mordvilkoi. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic analysis and maximum parsimony (MP) criterion. Phylogenetic trees obtained based on COI and EF1-α marker genes created two sister clades. Our results indicate that Cinara (Cupressobium) are a monophyletic group of aphids. Phylogenetic relationships amongst Cupressobium aphids do not result from the association with the host plant, but from the feeding site on the host plant or an ability to change the microhabitat on the plant. As closely related species inhabit similar microhabitats on different host plants, it suggests that the host switching is the main mode of speciation in this subgenus.
利用线粒体基因（COI）和核基因（EF1-α），对寄生于柏科针叶树木质部和叶片上的柏大蚜属（Cupressobium）蚜虫之间的关系进行了研究。基于COI序列，物种间的遗传距离范围为：柏大蚜（Cinara (C.) tujafilina）（德尔·圭尔乔）与桧柏大蚜（Cinara (C.) juniperi）（德·吉尔）之间为5.6%，柏大蚜与莫氏柏大蚜（Cinara (C.) mordvilkoi）（帕谢克）之间为10.5%。EF1-α序列间的遗传距离较低，从柏大蚜与桧柏大蚜之间的0.1%到柏大蚜与莫氏柏大蚜之间的2.3%。使用贝叶斯推断（BI）系统发育分析和最大简约法（MP）构建了分子系统发育树。基于COI和EF1-α标记基因获得的系统发育树形成了两个姐妹分支。我们的结果表明，柏大蚜属（Cupressobium）是蚜虫的一个单系类群。柏大蚜属蚜虫之间的系统发育关系并非源于与寄主植物的关联，而是源于在寄主植物上的取食部位或改变植物微生境的能力。由于近缘物种栖息于不同寄主植物上的相似微生境，这表明寄主转换是该亚属物种形成的主要模式。
