Wieczorek Karina, Lachowska-Cierlik Dorota, Kajtoch Łukasz, Kanturski Mariusz
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Department of Entomology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 13;12(3):e0173608. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173608. eCollection 2017.
The Chaitophorinae is a bionomically diverse Holarctic subfamily of Aphididae. The current classification includes two tribes: the Chaitophorini associated with deciduous trees and shrubs, and Siphini that feed on monocotyledonous plants. We present the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the subfamily, based on molecular and morphological datasets. Molecular analyses were based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear gene elongation factor-1α (EF-1α). Phylogenetic inferences were obtained individually on each of genes and joined alignments using Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML). In phylogenetic trees reconstructed on the basis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes as well as a morphological dataset, the monophyly of Siphini and the genus Chaitophorus was supported. Periphyllus forms independent lineages from Chaitophorus and Siphini. Within this genus two clades comprising European and Asiatic species, respectively, were indicated. Concerning relationships within the subfamily, EF-1α and joined COI and EF-1α genes analysis strongly supports the hypothesis that Chaitophorini do not form a monophyletic clade. Periphyllus is a sister group to a clade containing Chaitophorus and Siphini. The Asiatic unit of Periphyllus also includes Trichaitophorus koyaensis. The analysis of morphological dataset under equally weighted parsimony also supports the view that Chaitophorini is an artificial taxon, as Lambersaphis pruinosae and Pseudopterocomma hughi, both traditionally included in the Chaitophorini, formed independent lineages. COI analyses support consistent groups within the subfamily, but relationships between groups are poorly resolved. These analyses were extended to include the species of closely related and phylogenetically unstudied subfamily Drepanosiphinae, which produced congruent results. Genera Drepanosiphum and Depanaphis are monophyletic and sister. The position of Yamatocallis tokyoensis differs in the molecular and morphological analyses, i.e. it is either an independent lineage (EF-1α, COI, joined COI and EF-1α genes) or is nested inside this unit (morphology). Our data also support separation of Chaitophorinae from Drepanosiphinae.
毛蚜亚科是蚜科中一个生态多样的全北区亚科。目前的分类包括两个族：与落叶乔木和灌木相关的毛蚜族，以及以单子叶植物为食的缢管蚜族。我们基于分子和形态数据集，提出了该亚科的首个系统发育假说。分子分析基于线粒体基因细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）和核基因延伸因子-1α（EF-1α）。分别对每个基因以及合并后的比对进行系统发育推断，使用贝叶斯推断（BI）和最大似然法（ML）。在基于核基因和线粒体基因以及形态数据集重建的系统发育树中，缢管蚜族和毛蚜属的单系性得到了支持。周蚜属形成了与毛蚜属和缢管蚜族不同的独立谱系。在这个属内，分别指示出了包含欧洲和亚洲物种的两个分支。关于亚科内的关系，EF-1α以及合并的COI和EF-1α基因分析强烈支持毛蚜族不形成单系类群的假说。周蚜属是包含毛蚜属和缢管蚜族的一个分支的姐妹群。周蚜属的亚洲类群还包括小谷周蚜。在同等加权简约法下对形态数据集的分析也支持毛蚜族是一个人为分类单元的观点，因为传统上归入毛蚜族的霜背毛蚜和胡氏伪角蚜形成了独立的谱系。COI分析支持亚科内一致的类群，但类群之间的关系解析得很差。这些分析扩展到包括密切相关且系统发育未研究的斑蚜亚科的物种，结果一致。斑蚜属和副斑蚜属是单系的且为姐妹属。东京山富蚜在分子和形态分析中的位置不同，即在分子分析中（EF-1α、COI、合并的COI和EF-1α基因）它是一个独立的谱系，而在形态分析中它嵌套在这个类群内部。我们的数据也支持将毛蚜亚科与斑蚜亚科分开。
