Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Feb 15;472:363-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.051. Epub 2013 Dec 1.
A sacred ritual well with continuously discharging of methane gas through its water body was studied for physicochemical and microbiological quality in three seasons and during ritual mass bathing. Most of the physicochemical parameters showed significant seasonal variations (P<0.05) and a sharp fluctuation during mass bathing. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was found negatively correlated with temperature (r=-0.384, P<0.05), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (r=-0.58, P<0.001) and ammonia (r=-0.738, P<0.001), while BOD showed positive correlation with chemical oxygen demand (COD) (r=0.762, P<0.001) and ammonia (r=0.83, P<0.001). Simple regression analysis also yielded significant linear relationship in DO vs. temperature (r(2)=0.147, P<0.05), DO vs. ammonia (r(2)=0.544, P<0.001) and BOD vs. DO (r(2)=0.336, P<0.001). A total of eight microbial indicators were studied and found that all of them increased unusually during mass bathing comparing with their respective seasonal values. Total coliforms (TC) were found positively correlated with fecal coliforms (FC) (r=0.971), FC with Escherichia coli (EC) (r=0.952), EC with intestinal enterococci (IE) (r=0.921), fecal streptococci (FS) with IE (r=0.953) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) (r=0.946), which were significant at P<0.001. Some regression models showed significant linear relationship at P<0.001 with r(2) value of 0.943 for FC vs. TC, 0.907 for EC vs. FC, 0.869 for FS vs. FC, 0.848 for IE vs. EC and 0.909 for IE vs. FS. The overall results found in this study revealed that well water is suitable for bathing purpose but the religious activity considerably worsen its quality.
一项对持续通过水体排放甲烷气体的神圣仪式用井进行了研究，以了解其理化和微生物质量，研究在三个季节和仪式性集体沐浴期间进行。大多数理化参数显示出显著的季节性变化（P<0.05），并且在集体沐浴期间出现急剧波动。溶解氧（DO）与温度呈负相关（r=-0.384，P<0.05），与生化需氧量（BOD）（r=-0.58，P<0.001）和氨（r=-0.738，P<0.001）呈负相关，而 BOD 与化学需氧量（COD）（r=0.762，P<0.001）和氨（r=0.83，P<0.001）呈正相关。简单回归分析也得出了 DO 与温度（r(2)=0.147，P<0.05）、DO 与氨（r(2)=0.544，P<0.001）和 BOD 与 DO（r(2)=0.336，P<0.001）之间的显著线性关系。共研究了 8 种微生物指标，发现与各自的季节值相比，在集体沐浴期间，所有指标都异常增加。总大肠菌群（TC）与粪大肠菌群（FC）呈正相关（r=0.971），FC 与大肠杆菌（EC）呈正相关（r=0.952），EC 与肠球菌（IE）呈正相关（r=0.921），粪便链球菌（FS）与 IE 呈正相关（r=0.953），金黄色葡萄球菌（SA）与铜绿假单胞菌（PA）呈正相关（r=0.946），均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。一些回归模型显示出显著的线性关系，P<0.001，r(2)值分别为 0.943（FC 与 TC）、0.907（EC 与 FC）、0.869（FS 与 FC）、0.848（IE 与 EC）和 0.909（IE 与 FS）。本研究的总体结果表明，井水适合沐浴，但宗教活动会显著降低其水质。
