Hung Dang The, Thi Cuc Vu, Thi Bich Phuong Vu, Thi Thanh Diu Dao, Thi Huyen Trang Nguyen, Phuong Thoa Nguyen, Thi Tuyet Chinh Do, Manh Hung Ta, Manh Linh Chu, Van Long Nguyen
Laboratory Center, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
National Institute of Drug Quality Control, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Environ Health Insights. 2020 Sep 22;14:1178630220959672. doi: 10.1177/1178630220959672. eCollection 2020.
Drinking water quality affects directly human health. Assessment and prevention of water-borne diseases are crucial for primary prevention, especially for children.
The main aim of this study was to investigate the quality of drinking water from tap water in preschools and primary schools in a district area in Hanoi City, Vietnam.
A cross-sectional study was performed from August to October 2019. Water samples from tap water of 154 schools in a district area of Hanoi were collected to determine the quality of drinking water. From each school, at least 2 bottles of water samples were collected on the basis of a standard operating procedure (SOP). Each water sample was analyzed for microbial and physicochemical parameters, including Color, Taste and Odor, Turbidity, pH, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonium, Total Iron, Permanganate, Chloride, Hardness, Total Manganese, Sulfate, Arsenic, , and , by analytical methods. The obtained values of each parameter were compared with the standard values set by WHO and National Technical Regulation on Domestic Water Quality of Vietnam.
All of the schools employed community water system as a main source for drinking water. The results showed that all tested samples were found to be within the standards for some physicochemical properties, including Color, Taste and Odor, Hardness, Chloride, Total Iron (Fe và Fe), Total Manganese (Mn), Nitrate (NO ), Sulfate (SO ), and Total Arsenic (As). On the other hand, some samples did not meet the allowable limits of the national standard, due to pH (3.9%), Turbidity (0.6%), Nitrite (3.2%), Permanganate (6.5%), and Ammonium (5.8%). Furthermore, the microbial data revealed that the substandard water samples from municipal water systems were contaminated by (9.7%) and/or 7.8%).
Contaminants such as bacterial and chemical agents in to drinking water could be occurred during transport, storage and handling before using by the consumer without regular surveillance. A periodic treatment procedure and monitoring system to keep the level of microbial and chemical contamination of drinking water in schools under control should be performed.
饮用水质量直接影响人类健康。评估和预防水传播疾病对于一级预防至关重要，尤其是对儿童而言。
本研究的主要目的是调查越南河内市某区幼儿园和小学的自来水饮用水质量。
于2019年8月至10月进行了一项横断面研究。收集了河内某区154所学校自来水的水样，以确定饮用水质量。根据标准操作程序（SOP），从每所学校至少采集2瓶水样。通过分析方法对每个水样进行微生物和理化参数分析，包括颜色、味道和气味、浊度、pH值、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、铵、总铁、高锰酸盐、氯化物、硬度、总锰、硫酸盐、砷等。将每个参数的所得值与世界卫生组织和越南国内水质国家技术法规设定的标准值进行比较。
所有学校都采用社区供水系统作为主要饮用水源。结果表明，所有测试样品的某些理化性质符合标准，包括颜色、味道和气味、硬度、氯化物、总铁（铁和亚铁）、总锰（锰）、硝酸盐（硝酸根）、硫酸盐（硫酸根）和总砷（砷）。另一方面，一些样品不符合国家标准的允许限值，原因是pH值（3.9%）、浊度（0.6%）、亚硝酸盐（3.2%）、高锰酸盐（6.5%）和铵（5.8%）。此外，微生物数据显示，来自市政供水系统的不合格水样受到大肠杆菌（9.7%）和/或粪大肠菌群（7.8%）污染。
在消费者使用前的运输、储存和处理过程中，如果没有定期监测，饮用水中可能会出现细菌和化学剂等污染物。应执行定期处理程序和监测系统，以控制学校饮用水的微生物和化学污染水平。
