Mazur P, Schneider U
Cell Biophys. 1986 Aug;8(4):259-85. doi: 10.1007/BF02788516.
Cells subjected to the events occurring before, during, and after freezing and thawing are exposed to major changes in the osmotic pressure of the surrounding medium; i.e., the osmolalities can exceed 30. An important question in understanding the mechanisms of injury is whether cells respond as ideal osmometers to these strongly anisotonic solutions. Mouse and bovine embryos from eight-cell to blastocyst stage were used to investigate the question. They were found to behave as ideal osmometers at room temperature over a wide range of tonicities; i.e., from four times isotonic to almost 1/3 times isotonic, ideality being defined by a Boyle-van't Hoff equation. Embryo volumes increased from 40 to 200% of isotonic over this range and survivals of mouse embryos were unaffected. However, outside this range the membrane apparently becomes leaky and the survival of mouse embryos drops sharply. Osmolalities rise to high values during freezing and the paper develops the thermodynamic equations to show how computed cell volumes as a function of subzero temperature can be translated into the Boyle-van't Hoff format of cell volume as a function of the reciprocal of osmolality.
经历冻融之前、期间和之后所发生事件的细胞，会暴露于周围介质渗透压的重大变化之中；也就是说，渗透压可超过30。理解损伤机制的一个重要问题是，细胞是否会像理想的渗透压计那样对这些强非等渗溶液做出反应。利用处于八细胞期至囊胚期的小鼠和牛胚胎来研究这个问题。结果发现，在室温下，它们在很宽的张力范围内表现为理想的渗透压计；即从等渗的四倍到几乎等渗的三分之一，理想状态由玻意耳-范托夫方程定义。在此范围内，胚胎体积从等渗时的40%增加到200%，小鼠胚胎的存活率未受影响。然而，超出此范围，细胞膜显然会变得渗漏，小鼠胚胎的存活率会急剧下降。冷冻过程中渗透压会升至很高的值，本文推导了热力学方程，以展示如何将计算出的作为零下温度函数的细胞体积转换为作为渗透压倒数函数的细胞体积的玻意耳-范托夫形式。
