Medical Faculty, Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
Neth Heart J. 2014 Mar;22(3):91-9. doi: 10.1007/s12471-013-0501-0.
Cigarette smoking has declined over the last years in modern countries. On the contrary, waterpipe smoking has increased, especially among young people visiting waterpipe bars. Unfortunately, most waterpipe smokers seem to know little about the possible cardiovascular and other health consequences of waterpipe smoking.
To describe by narrative literature review the known adverse consequences for the human body caused by smoking the waterpipe compared with the consequences of smoking normal cigarettes. Also, to get a picture of public awareness of these consequences as deducted from the literature and a small new survey in the Netherlands.
RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking is associated with serious adverse (cardiovascular) health effects, and there is no evidence that these effects are less serious if a waterpipe is used. The increasing use together with the limited amount of awareness and attention for the possible health consequences of smoking the waterpipe is worrisome. Especially considering the increasing acceptance and use of the waterpipe among the youth. Therefore we recommend more systematic research into the possible health hazards of waterpipe smoking. In the meantime education campaigns and materials are needed to raise public awareness on the possible health risks of waterpipe use.
在过去几年中，许多现代化国家的吸烟率有所下降。相反，水烟的使用有所增加，尤其是在光顾水烟吧的年轻人中。不幸的是，大多数水烟吸食者似乎对水烟吸烟可能带来的心血管和其他健康后果知之甚少。
通过叙述性文献综述描述已知的与吸食水烟有关的对人体的不良后果，并与吸食普通香烟的后果进行比较。此外，从文献中抽取一部分内容，并在荷兰进行了一项小型的新调查，以了解公众对这些后果的认知情况。
结果/结论：烟草吸烟与严重的不良（心血管）健康影响有关，如果使用水烟，这些影响没有证据表明不那么严重。水烟的使用越来越多，而对吸烟可能带来的健康后果的认识和关注却有限，这令人担忧。特别是考虑到水烟在年轻人中的接受度和使用率不断上升。因此，我们建议对水烟吸烟可能带来的健康危害进行更系统的研究。与此同时，需要开展教育宣传活动和制作相关材料，提高公众对水烟使用可能带来的健康风险的认识。
