Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2014 Jan;17(1):25-31. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000018.
Although prolongation of life is a significant public health aim, at the same time the extended life should involve preservation of the capacity to live independently. Consequently, the identification of cost-effectiveness interventions to prevent frailty is one of the most important public health challenges. In the present review, we present the available evidence regarding the impact of physical exercise on the components of frailty syndrome and, in particular, as a remedy for sarcopenia.
Resistance exercise training is more effective in increasing muscle mass and strength, whereas endurance exercises training is superior for maintaining and improving maximum aerobic power. Based on these evidences, recommendations for adult and frail older people should include a balanced program of both endurance and strength exercises, performed on a regular schedule (at least 3 days a week).
Regular exercise is the only strategy found to consistently prevent frailty and improve sarcopenia and physical function in older adults. Physical exercises increase aerobic capacity, muscle strength and endurance, by ameliorating aerobic conditioning and/or strength. In older patients, exercise and physical activity produce at least the same beneficial effects observed in younger individuals.
尽管延长寿命是一个重要的公共卫生目标，但同时，延长的生命应该包括保持独立生活的能力。因此，确定预防虚弱的成本效益干预措施是最重要的公共卫生挑战之一。在本综述中，我们介绍了关于体育锻炼对虚弱综合征组成部分的影响的现有证据，特别是作为治疗肌少症的方法。
阻力运动训练在增加肌肉质量和力量方面更有效，而耐力运动训练在维持和提高最大有氧能力方面更优越。基于这些证据，对成年人和虚弱老年人的建议应包括平衡的耐力和力量训练计划，定期进行（至少每周 3 天）。
定期运动是唯一被发现能持续预防虚弱和改善老年人肌少症和身体功能的策略。运动通过改善有氧适应性和/或力量来增加有氧能力、肌肉力量和耐力。在老年患者中，运动和体育活动产生的有益效果至少与年轻个体观察到的相同。
