Dambruoso P, de Gennaro G, Di Gilio A, Palmisani J, Tutino M
Chemistry Department, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, Bari, 70126, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Dec;21(23):13175-85. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2384-4. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
In the South of Italy, it is common for farmers to burn pruning waste from olive trees in spring. In order to evaluate the impact of the biomass burning source on the physical and chemical characteristics of the particulate matter (PM) emitted by these fires, a PM monitoring campaign was carried out in an olive grove. Daily PM10 samples were collected for 1 week, when there were no open fires, and when biomass was being burned, and at two different distances from the fires. Moreover, an optical particle counter and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) analyzer were used to measure the high time-resolved dimensional distribution of particles emitted and total PAHs concentrations, respectively. Chemical analysis of PM10 samples identified organic and inorganic components such as PAHs, ions, elements, and carbonaceous fractions (OC, EC). Analysis of the collected data showed the usefulness of organic and inorganic tracer species and of PAH diagnostic ratios for interpreting the impact of biomass fires on PM levels and on its chemical composition. Finally, high time-resolved monitoring of particle numbers and PAH concentrations was performed before, during, and after biomass burning, and these concentrations were seen to be very dependent on factors such as weather conditions, combustion efficiency, and temperature (smoldering versus flaming conditions), and moisture content of the wood burned.
在意大利南部，农民在春季焚烧橄榄树的修剪废弃物是很常见的。为了评估生物质燃烧源对这些火灾排放的颗粒物（PM）物理和化学特性的影响，在一片橄榄树林中开展了一次PM监测活动。在没有明火、生物质正在燃烧时，以及距火灾两个不同距离处，每天采集PM10样本，为期1周。此外，分别使用光学粒子计数器和多环芳烃（PAH）分析仪来测量排放颗粒的高时间分辨尺寸分布和总PAH浓度。对PM10样本的化学分析确定了有机和无机成分，如PAH、离子、元素和碳质组分（OC、EC）。对收集数据的分析表明，有机和无机示踪物种以及PAH诊断比率对于解释生物质火灾对PM水平及其化学成分的影响是有用的。最后，在生物质燃烧前、燃烧期间和燃烧后对颗粒数量和PAH浓度进行了高时间分辨监测，发现这些浓度非常依赖于天气条件、燃烧效率、温度（闷烧与明火条件）以及所燃烧木材的含水量等因素。
