Hengartner Michael P, Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta, Rodgers Stephanie, Müller Mario, Rössler Wulf
University of Zurich, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.
University of Zurich, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.
Compr Psychiatry. 2014 Apr;55(3):667-74. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.011. Epub 2013 Oct 31.
The literature proposes a joint structure of normal and pathological personality with higher-order factors mainly based on the five-factor model of personality (FFM). The purpose of the present study was to examine the joint structure of the FFM and the DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs) and to discuss this structure with regard to higher-order domains commonly reported in the literature.
We applied a canonical correlation analysis, a series of principal component analyses with oblique Promax rotation and a bi-factor analysis with Geomin rotation on 511 subjects of the general population of Zurich, Switzerland, using data from the ZInEP Epidemiology Survey.
The 5 FFM traits and the 10 DSM-IV PD dimensions shared 77% of total variance. Component extraction tests pointed towards a two- and three-component solution. The two-component solution comprised a first component with strong positive loadings on neuroticism and all 10 PD dimensions and a second component with strong negative loadings on extraversion and openness and positive loadings on schizoid and avoidant PDs. The three-component solution added a third component with strong positive loadings on conscientiousness and agreeableness and a negative loading on antisocial PD. The bi-factor model provided evidence for 1 general personality dysfunction factor related to neuroticism and 5 group factors, although the interpretability of the latter was limited.
Normal and pathological personality domains are not isomorphic or superposable, although they share a substantial proportion of variance. The two and three higher-order domains extracted in the present study correspond well to equivalent factor-solutions reported in the literature. Moreover, these superordinate factors can consistently be integrated within a hierarchical structure of alternative four- and five-factor models. The top of the hierarchy presumably constitutes a general personality dysfunction factor which is closely related to neuroticism.
文献提出了一种正常和病态人格的联合结构，其高阶因素主要基于人格五因素模型（FFM）。本研究的目的是检验FFM与《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）人格障碍（PDs）的联合结构，并根据文献中常见的高阶领域来讨论这种结构。
我们对瑞士苏黎世普通人群的511名受试者应用了典型相关分析、一系列采用斜交普罗麦克斯旋转的主成分分析以及采用地质旋转的双因素分析，数据来自ZInEP流行病学调查。
5个人格五因素模型特质和10个DSM-IV人格障碍维度共享了77%的总方差。成分提取测试指向了一个两成分和三成分的解决方案。两成分解决方案包括第一个成分，在神经质和所有10个人格障碍维度上有强正负荷，以及第二个成分，在外向性和开放性上有强负负荷，在分裂样和回避型人格障碍上有正负荷。三成分解决方案增加了第三个成分，在尽责性和宜人性上有强正负荷，在反社会型人格障碍上有负负荷。双因素模型为1个与神经质相关的一般人格功能障碍因素和5个组因素提供了证据，尽管后者的可解释性有限。
正常和病态人格领域不是同构或可叠加的，尽管它们共享相当大比例的方差。本研究中提取的两个和三个高阶领域与文献中报道的等效因素解决方案非常吻合。此外，这些上级因素可以一致地整合到替代的四因素和五因素模型的层次结构中。层次结构的顶部可能构成一个与神经质密切相关的一般人格功能障碍因素。
