Valparaiso University, Chile.
J Youth Adolesc. 1980 Aug;9(4):289-97. doi: 10.1007/BF02087980.
Male and female college students stated how proud or ashamed they would be of 96 behaviors. The ratings by each sex were then factor analyzed. While personal accomplishments was found to be the primary factor for males, academic failure was the primary factor for females. An interpretation of these differences in terms of the operation of fear-of-failure dynamics among college women was suggested. Further examination of the factor structures revealed a larger number of morality-related factors for females than for males, suggesting that morality is more differentiated for females. The compatibility of this finding with previous research in the area of moral development was noted.
男大学生和女大学生分别对 96 种行为表示出骄傲或羞耻感。然后对两性的评价进行因素分析。发现个人成就对男性是主要因素，而学业失败对女性是主要因素。根据这一差异，提出了在大学生女性中失败恐惧动力运作的解释。进一步考察因素结构表明，女性比男性有更多与道德有关的因素，这表明女性的道德更加分化。这一发现与道德发展领域的先前研究是一致的。
