Bandyopadhyay Bhaswati, Bhattacharyya Indrani, Adhikary Srima, Mondal Saiantani, Konar Jayashree, Dawar Nidhi, Biswas Asit, Bhattacharya Nemai
Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C.R. Avenue, Kolkata 700073, India.
Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:896749. doi: 10.1155/2013/896749. Epub 2013 Nov 11.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the most important cause of acute and epidemic viral encephalitis. Every year sporadic JE cases are reported from the various districts of West Bengal, indicating its endemicity in this state. JE vaccination programme has been undertaken by the State Health Department of West Bengal. This study was aimed at seeing the present scenario of JE among acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases in West Bengal.
Blood and/or CSF samples were referred from suspected AES cases to the referral virology laboratory of the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine from different hospitals of Kolkata. IgM antibody capture ELISA was performed on the CSF and serum samples by JE virus MAC ELISA kit supplied by the National Institute of Virology, Pune.
The present study reveals that 22.76% and 5% of the AES cases were positive for JE IgM in 2011 and 2012, respectively. JE is mainly prevalent in children and adolescents below 20 years of age with no gender predilection. Although the percentages of JE positive cases were high in 2011, it sharply decreased thereafter possibly due to better awareness programs, due to mass vaccination, or simply due to natural epidemiological niche periodicity due to herd immunity.
日本脑炎（JE）是急性流行性病毒性脑炎的最重要病因。每年西孟加拉邦各地区都会报告散发性JE病例，表明该疾病在该邦呈地方性流行。西孟加拉邦卫生部门已开展了JE疫苗接种计划。本研究旨在了解西孟加拉邦急性脑炎综合征（AES）病例中JE的现状。
来自加尔各答不同医院的疑似AES病例的血液和/或脑脊液样本被送往加尔各答热带医学院的转诊病毒学实验室。使用浦那国家病毒研究所提供的JE病毒MAC ELISA试剂盒对脑脊液和血清样本进行IgM抗体捕获ELISA检测。
本研究显示，2011年和2012年分别有22.76%和5%的AES病例JE IgM呈阳性。JE主要在20岁以下的儿童和青少年中流行，无性别倾向。尽管2011年JE阳性病例的比例较高，但此后急剧下降，这可能是由于宣传活动效果更好、大规模接种疫苗，或者仅仅是由于群体免疫导致的自然流行病学生态位周期性变化。
