利用 CRISPR/Cas 系统进行生物技术研究。
Exploiting CRISPR/Cas systems for biotechnology.
机构信息
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
出版信息
Bioessays. 2014 Jan;36(1):34-8. doi: 10.1002/bies.201300135.
The Cas9 endonuclease is the central component of the Type II CRISPR/Cas system, a prokaryotic adaptive restriction system against invading nucleic acids, such as those originating from bacteriophages and plasmids. Recently, this RNA-directed DNA endonuclease has been harnessed to target DNA sequences of interest. Here, we review the development of Cas9 as an important tool to not only edit the genomes of a number of different prokaryotic and eukaryotic species, but also as an efficient system for site-specific transcriptional repression or activation. Additionally, a specific Cas9 protein has been observed to target an RNA substrate, suggesting that Cas9 may have the ability to be programmed to target RNA as well. Cas proteins from other CRISPR/Cas subtypes may also be exploited in this regard. Thus, CRISPR/Cas systems represent an effective and versatile biotechnological tool, which will have significant impact on future advancements in genome engineering.
Cas9 内切酶是 II 型 CRISPR/Cas 系统的核心组成部分，该系统是一种原核适应性限制系统，可抵御来自噬菌体和质粒等入侵核酸。最近，这种 RNA 指导的 DNA 内切酶已被用于靶向感兴趣的 DNA 序列。在这里，我们回顾了 Cas9 的发展历程，它不仅是编辑许多不同原核和真核物种基因组的重要工具，也是一种高效的靶向特定转录抑制或激活的系统。此外，还观察到一种特定的 Cas9 蛋白可以靶向 RNA 底物，这表明 Cas9 可能具有靶向 RNA 的编程能力。来自其他 CRISPR/Cas 亚型的 Cas 蛋白也可能在这方面得到利用。因此，CRISPR/Cas 系统代表了一种有效且多功能的生物技术工具，它将对未来基因组工程的发展产生重大影响。
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