Dove Hugh, Kirkegaard John
CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
J Sci Food Agric. 2014 May;94(7):1276-83. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6527. Epub 2014 Jan 27.
The utilisation of dual-purpose crops, especially wheat and canola grown for forage and grain production in sheep-grazing systems, is reviewed. When sown early and grazed in winter before stem elongation, later-maturing wheat and canola crops can be grazed with little impact on grain yield. Recent research has sought to develop crop- and grazing-management strategies for dual-purpose crops. Aspects examined have been grazing effects on crop growth, recovery and yield development along with an understanding of the grazing value of the crop fodder, its implications for animal nutrition and grazing management to maximise live-weight gain. By alleviating the winter 'feed gap', the increase in winter stocking rate afforded by grazing crops allows crop and livestock production to be increased simultaneously on the same farm. Integration of dual-purpose wheat with canola on mixed farms provides further systems advantages related to widened operational windows, weed and disease control and risk management. Dual-purpose crops are an innovation that has potential to assist in addressing the global food-security challenge.
本文综述了两用作物的利用情况，特别是在绵羊放牧系统中用于饲草和谷物生产的小麦和油菜。当早熟并在冬季茎伸长前放牧时，晚熟小麦和油菜作物放牧对谷物产量影响较小。最近的研究试图为两用作物制定作物和放牧管理策略。研究的方面包括放牧对作物生长、恢复和产量发展的影响，以及对作物饲料放牧价值的理解、其对动物营养的影响和放牧管理以实现最大体重增加。通过缓解冬季“饲料缺口”，放牧作物使冬季载畜率增加，从而在同一农场同时提高作物和牲畜产量。在混合农场中将两用小麦与油菜结合使用具有进一步的系统优势，包括扩大操作窗口、杂草和疾病控制以及风险管理。两用作物是一项创新，有潜力帮助应对全球粮食安全挑战。
