Rossi Roberta, Bitella Giovanni, Bochicchio Rocco, Labella Rosanna, Angerame Francesco, Urbano Marcella, Amato Mariana
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture (CREA-ZA), 85051 Bella-Muro (Potenza), Italy.
School of Agriculture, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 29;12(3):588. doi: 10.3390/plants12030588.
In dual-purpose cereal systems, the co-production of fodder and grain can increase farm profitability and reduce farming risks. Our work evaluated shoot and root growth in durum wheat ( Desf.) under dual-purpose management in a medium-high rainfall area of southern Italy. We compared a modern variety (Core) with a tall ancient variety (Saragolle lucana) under traditional (NDP) and dual-purpose (DP) management and tested the hypothesis that clipping plants during the vegetative stage would reduce root growth and dewatering before anthesis, which is advantageous in drought-prone environments. Experiments were conducted in Bella (PZ), Basilicata region, southern Italy (40°42' N, 15°32' E) on a clay loam soil in 2021 in a split-plot design on 2 × 2 main plots and 1 × 2 split-plots with 6 replicates. The DP treatment consisted of simulated grazing by clipping plants at 5 cm from the ground 3 months after sowing (at first hollow stem). Forage Biomass was not different at = 0.05 between varieties, with an average of 0.58 t ha DM. Grain yield was not penalized by clipping ( = 0.05) and did not differ significantly between varieties. SPAD was always lower in the Saragolle variety and lowered by clipping. Defoliation delayed phenology in both cultivars but did not reduce the final number of spikes per square meter. Stomatal conductance was correlated to temperature, did not differ between cultivars, and was not influenced by clipping. Soil water depletion was monitored in modern wheat from the booting stage to the beginning of grain filling. Clipping did not result in a reduction in pre-anthesis water depletion, possibly due to evaporative losses. Root density was markedly reduced by clipping in core variety between 0.20 and 0.60 m and much less in Saragolle. Unclipped Saragolle produced thicker roots and higher root masses compared to clipped plants. Defoliated Saragolle shifted to finer roots, reducing root mass more than length. This may have reduced the metabolic cost of soil exploration, thereby increasing root foraging efficiency.
在两用谷物系统中，饲料和谷物的联产可以提高农场盈利能力并降低农业风险。我们的研究评估了意大利南部中高降雨地区硬粒小麦（Desf.）在两用管理模式下地上部和根系的生长情况。我们在传统管理模式（NDP）和两用管理模式（DP）下，将一个现代品种（Core）与一个古老的高秆品种（Saragolle lucana）进行了比较，并检验了以下假设：在营养生长阶段对植株进行刈割会减少根系生长以及开花前的脱水现象，这在易干旱环境中是有利的。2021年在意大利南部巴斯利卡塔地区的贝拉（PZ）（北纬40°42′，东经15°32′），在一块粘壤土上采用裂区设计进行试验，主区为2×2设计，副区为1×2设计，重复6次。DP处理包括在播种后3个月（第一个空心茎期）距地面5厘米处对植株进行模拟放牧式刈割。在α = 0.05水平下，不同品种间的饲草生物量无差异，平均为0.58吨/公顷干物质。刈割对籽粒产量没有不利影响（α = 0.05），不同品种间籽粒产量也无显著差异。Saragolle品种的叶绿素仪读数（SPAD）始终较低，且刈割使其降低。去叶处理使两个品种的物候期延迟，但并未减少每平方米的最终穗数。气孔导度与温度相关，不同品种间无差异，且不受刈割影响。对现代小麦从孕穗期到灌浆初期的土壤水分消耗进行了监测。刈割并未导致开花前水分消耗减少，这可能是由于蒸发损失所致。在Core品种中，刈割使0.20至0.60米深度处的根密度显著降低，而在Saragolle品种中降低幅度较小。与刈割植株相比，未刈割的Saragolle品种根系更粗且根质量更高。去叶处理后的Saragolle品种根系变细，根质量的减少幅度大于根长度的减少幅度。这可能降低了土壤探索的代谢成本，从而提高了根系觅食效率。
