Toledo-Ibarra G A, Rojas-Mayorquín A E, Girón-Pérez M I
Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit (UAN), Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, 63190 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013:536534. doi: 10.1155/2013/536534. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
Fishes are the phylogenetically oldest vertebrate group, which includes more than one-half of the vertebrates on the planet; additionally, many species have ecological and economic importance. Fish are the first evolved group of organisms with adaptive immune mechanisms; consequently, they are an important link in the evolution of the immune system, thus a potential model for understanding the mechanisms of immunoregulation. Currently, the influence of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) on the cells of the immune system is widely studied in mammalian models, which have provided evidence on ACh production by immune cells (the noncholinergic neuronal system); however, these neuroimmunomodulation mechanisms in fish and lower vertebrates are poorly studied. Therefore, the objective of this review paper was to analyze the influence of the cholinergic system on the immune response of teleost fish, which could provide information concerning the possibility of bidirectional communication between the nervous and immune systems in these organisms and provide data for a better understanding of basic issues in neuroimmunology in lower vertebrates, such as bony fishes. Thus, the use of fish as a model in biomedical research may contribute to a better understanding of human diseases and diseases in other animals.
鱼类是系统发育上最古老的脊椎动物类群，地球上一半以上的脊椎动物都属于这一类群；此外，许多鱼类物种还具有生态和经济重要性。鱼类是首批进化出具有适应性免疫机制的生物类群；因此，它们是免疫系统进化过程中的重要环节，也是理解免疫调节机制的潜在模型。目前，在哺乳动物模型中广泛研究了神经递质乙酰胆碱（ACh）对免疫系统细胞的影响，这些研究已为免疫细胞产生ACh（非胆碱能神经元系统）提供了证据；然而，鱼类和低等脊椎动物中的这些神经免疫调节机制却鲜有研究。因此，本综述文章的目的是分析胆碱能系统对硬骨鱼免疫反应的影响，这可以提供有关这些生物中神经和免疫系统之间双向通讯可能性的信息，并为更好地理解低等脊椎动物（如硬骨鱼）神经免疫学的基本问题提供数据。因此，将鱼类用作生物医学研究模型可能有助于更好地理解人类疾病和其他动物的疾病。
