Lipperman-Kreda Sharon, Friend Karen B, Grube Joel W
Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA,
J Prim Prev. 2014 Apr;35(2):85-91. doi: 10.1007/s10935-013-0336-x.
Important questions remain regarding the effectiveness of local tobacco policies for preventing and reducing youth tobacco use and the relative importance of these policies. The aims of this paper are to: (1) compare policy effectiveness ratings provided by researchers and tobacco prevention specialists for individual local tobacco policies, and (2) develop and describe a systematic approach to score communities for locally-implemented tobacco policies. We reviewed municipal codes of 50 California communities to identify local tobacco regulations in five sub-domains. We then developed an instrument to rate the effectiveness of these policies and administered it to an expert panel of 40 tobacco researchers and specialists. We compared mean policy effectiveness ratings obtained from researchers and prevention specialists and used it to score the 50 communities. High inter-rater reliabilities obtained for each sub-domain indicated substantial agreement among the raters about relative policy effectiveness. Results showed that, although researchers and prevention specialists differed on the mean levels of policy ratings, their relative rank ordering of the effectiveness of policy sub-domains were very similar. While both researchers and prevention specialists viewed local outdoor clean air policies as least effective in preventing and reducing youth cigarette smoking, they rated tobacco sales policies and advertising and promotion as more effective than the other policies. Moreover, we found high correlations between community scores generated from researchers' and prevention specialists' ratings. This approach can be used to inform research on local policies and prevention efforts and help bridge the gap between research and practice.
关于地方烟草政策在预防和减少青少年烟草使用方面的有效性以及这些政策的相对重要性，仍存在重要问题。本文的目的是：（1）比较研究人员和烟草预防专家对各项地方烟草政策给出的政策有效性评级，以及（2）开发并描述一种系统方法，用于对实施地方烟草政策的社区进行评分。我们审查了加利福尼亚州50个社区的市政法规，以确定五个子领域中的地方烟草法规。然后，我们开发了一种工具来评估这些政策的有效性，并将其应用于由40名烟草研究人员和专家组成的专家小组。我们比较了研究人员和预防专家给出的平均政策有效性评级，并将其用于对这50个社区进行评分。每个子领域获得的高评分者间信度表明评分者在政策相对有效性方面达成了实质性共识。结果表明，尽管研究人员和预防专家在政策评级的平均水平上存在差异，但他们对政策子领域有效性的相对排名非常相似。虽然研究人员和预防专家都认为地方户外清洁空气政策在预防和减少青少年吸烟方面效果最差，但他们认为烟草销售政策以及广告和促销政策比其他政策更有效。此外，我们发现研究人员和预防专家的评级所产生的社区得分之间存在高度相关性。这种方法可用于为地方政策研究和预防工作提供信息，并有助于弥合研究与实践之间的差距。
