Dynesius Mats, Jansson Roland
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Evolution. 2014 Apr;68(4):923-34. doi: 10.1111/evo.12316. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
We present a framework distinguishing three principal controls of speciation rate: rate of splitting, level of persistence, and length of speciation duration. We contend that discussions on diversification become clearer in the light of this framework, because speciation rate variation could be attributed to any of these controls. In particular, we claim that the role of persistence of within-species lineages in controlling speciation rates has been greatly underappreciated. More emphasis on the persistence control would change expectations of the role of several biological traits and environmental factors, because they may drive speciation rate in one direction through the persistence control and in the opposite direction through the other two controls. Traits and environments have been little studied regarding their influence on speciation rate through the persistence control, with climatic fluctuations being a relatively well-studied exception. Considering the recent advances in genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we think that the time is ripe for applying the framework in empirical research. Variation among clades and areas (and thus among traits and environments) in the importance of the three rate controls could be addressed for example by dating splitting events, detecting within-species lineages, and scanning genomes for evidence of divergent selection.
分裂速率、存续水平和物种形成持续时间。我们认为，鉴于这个框架，关于物种多样化的讨论变得更加清晰，因为物种形成速率的变化可以归因于这些控制因素中的任何一个。特别是，我们声称物种内谱系的存续在控制物种形成速率方面的作用一直未得到充分重视。更多地强调存续控制将改变对几种生物学特征和环境因素作用的预期，因为它们可能通过存续控制在一个方向上推动物种形成速率，而通过其他两个控制因素在相反方向上起作用。关于性状和环境通过存续控制对物种形成速率的影响，人们研究得很少，气候波动是一个研究相对充分的例外。考虑到基因组学和系统发育分析的最新进展，我们认为将该框架应用于实证研究的时机已经成熟。例如，通过确定分裂事件的时间、检测物种内谱系以及扫描基因组以寻找趋异选择证据，可以解决不同分支和区域（以及性状和环境之间）在这三个速率控制因素重要性方面的差异。
