Laboratoire d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, 27 Avenue Ibn Batouta, Agdal, Rabat 10090, Morocco.
Parasit Vectors. 2013 Dec 13;6:354. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-354.
In Morocco, the main strategies of leishmaniasis vector control are based on environmental modifications. Use of local residual indoor spraying with synthetic pyrethroids is often envisaged. The need to evaluate this control method is essential. The current study was conducted to determine the efficacy of an alphacypermethrin IRS program against leishmaniasis vectors in an endemic area in the north of Morocco.
The survey was conducted in four neighbouring localities in three different districts in northern Morocco: Ait Chaib and Aichoun in Sefrou district, Bouassem (Boulmane) and Lmrouj (Taounate). Indoor residual spraying with alphacypermethrin at a dose of 30 mg/m2 was used in Ait Chaib and Lmrouj localities during 2010, 2011 and 2012, while localities of Aichoun and Bouassem were taken as control. In the four studied areas, sand flies were collected bimonthly from April to November in 2011 and 2012, using sticky traps, to determine their abundance and feeding pattern. Alphacypermethrin IRS were evaluated for their residual effect using the WHO cone bioassay test. Leishmaniasis incidence was estimated by passive and active case detection in each study area.
Significant reductions in leishmaniasis incidence and in gravidity rate were observed when comparing sprayed and unsprayed localities. The residual activity of alphacypermethrin at the concentration used lasted 10 weeks after spraying. However, the abundance of sand flies was not significantly affected by alphacypermethrin IRS.
This study indicated that IRS has a significant impact on leishmaniasis transmission; therefore it could be recommended as an effective tool for leishmaniasis control in areas with high leishmaniasis transmission.
在摩洛哥，利什曼病病媒控制的主要策略是基于环境的改变。经常考虑使用当地的合成拟除虫菊酯室内残留喷洒。评估这种控制方法的必要性是至关重要的。本研究旨在确定在摩洛哥北部流行地区，使用α-氯氰菊酯室内滞留喷洒（IRS）方案对利什曼病病媒的控制效果。
该调查在摩洛哥北部三个不同地区的四个邻近地区进行：塞夫鲁区的艾特恰伊布和艾希恩，布勒曼区的布奥塞姆（Boulmane）和塔乌纳特区的勒姆鲁吉（Lmrouj）。2010 年、2011 年和 2012 年，在艾特恰伊布和勒姆鲁吉地区使用了 30mg/m2 的α-氯氰菊酯进行室内滞留喷洒，而艾希恩和布奥塞姆地区则作为对照。在 2011 年和 2012 年的 4 月至 11 月期间，每个月两次使用粘性陷阱在四个研究区域收集沙蝇，以确定它们的丰度和摄食模式。使用 WHO 锥形生物测定试验评估α-氯氰菊酯 IRS 的残留效果。通过在每个研究区域进行被动和主动病例检测来估计利什曼病的发病率。
与未喷洒地区相比，喷洒地区的利什曼病发病率和怀孕率显著降低。在喷洒后，α-氯氰菊酯的残留活性持续了 10 周。然而，沙蝇的丰度并没有受到 α-氯氰菊酯 IRS 的显著影响。
本研究表明，IRS 对利什曼病传播有显著影响；因此，它可以作为高传播地区利什曼病控制的有效工具。
