青少年冒险行为作为产前可卡因暴露和生物性别的函数。
Adolescent risk-taking as a function of prenatal cocaine exposure and biological sex.
作者信息
Allen Jedediah W P, Bennett David S, Carmody Dennis P, Wang Yiping, Lewis Michael
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
出版信息
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2014 Jan-Feb;41:65-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.12.003. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure and biological sex on adolescent risk-taking while controlling for early environmental risk.
METHODS
Adolescents (n=114, mean age=16) were grouped according to high and low risk-taking propensity as measured by the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Prenatal cocaine exposure was assessed at birth, while environmental risk was assessed at three points during early childhood.
RESULTS
A binary regression analysis indicated that males were 3.5 times more likely than females to be high risk-takers. Biological sex and prenatal cocaine exposure interacted such that exposed males were most likely to be high risk-takers while exposed females were the least likely to be high risk-takers. This pattern held after controlling for prenatal alcohol exposure and early environmental risk. Early environmental risk did not predict adolescent risk-taking.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings complement and extend earlier research demonstrating that prenatal cocaine exposure interacts with biological sex in domains related to inhibitory control, emotion regulation, antisocial behavior, and health risk behaviors during preadolescence.
目的
在控制早期环境风险的同时，研究产前可卡因暴露和生物性别对青少年冒险行为的影响。
方法
根据气球模拟风险任务（BART）测量的高低冒险倾向，将青少年（n = 114，平均年龄 = 16岁）分组。出生时评估产前可卡因暴露情况，幼儿期三个时间点评估环境风险。
结果
二元回归分析表明，男性成为高风险冒险者的可能性是女性的3.5倍。生物性别与产前可卡因暴露存在交互作用，即暴露的男性最有可能成为高风险冒险者，而暴露的女性最不可能成为高风险冒险者。在控制产前酒精暴露和早期环境风险后，这种模式依然存在。早期环境风险无法预测青少年的冒险行为。
结论
这些发现补充并扩展了早期研究，表明产前可卡因暴露在青春期前与生物性别在抑制控制、情绪调节、反社会行为和健康风险行为等领域存在交互作用。
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