Yu Guoqin, Fadrosh Doug, Ma Bing, Ravel Jacques, Goedert James J
aInfections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda bInstitute of Genomic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
AIDS. 2014 Mar 13;28(5):753-60. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000154.
Because differences in anal microbial populations (microbiota) could affect acquisition of HIV or other conditions, especially among MSM, we profiled the microbiota of the anal canal, assessed its stability, and investigated associations with diversity and composition.
Microbiota profiles in anal swabs collected from 76 MSM (52 in 1989, swab-1; 66 1-5 years later, swab-2) were compared by HIV status (25 HIV-positive), T-cell subsets, and questionnaire data.
Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified, sequenced (Illumina MiSeq), and clustered into species-level operational taxonomic units (QIIME and Greengenes). Regression models and Wilcoxon tests were used for associations with alpha diversity (unique operational taxonomic units, Shannon's index). Composition was compared by Adonis (QIIME).
Most anal bacteria were Firmicutes (mean 60.6%, range 21.1-91.1%) or Bacteroidetes (29.4%, 4.1-70.8%). Alpha diversity did not change between the two swabs (N = 42 pairs). In swab-2, HIV-positives had lower alpha diversity (P ≤ 0.04) and altered composition, with fewer Firmicutes and more Fusobacteria taxa (P ≤ 0.03), not completely attributable to very low CD4(+) cell count (median 232 cells/μl), prior AIDS clinical diagnosis (N = 17), or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use (N = 6). Similar but weaker differences were observed in swab-1 (HIV-positive median 580 CD4(+) cells/μl; no trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Associations with T-cell subsets, smoking, and sexual practices were null or inconsistent.
The anal microbiota of MSM was relatively stable over 1-5 years. However, with uncontrolled, advanced HIV infection, the microbiota had altered composition and reduced diversity partially attributable to antibiotics. Investigations of microbial community associations with other immune perturbations and clinical abnormalities are needed.
由于肛门微生物群的差异可能会影响艾滋病毒或其他疾病的感染，尤其是在男男性行为者中，我们对肛管微生物群进行了分析，评估其稳定性，并研究了与多样性和组成的关联。
比较了从76名男男性行为者（1989年52名，拭子1；1至5年后66名，拭子2）收集的肛门拭子中的微生物群谱，比较依据为艾滋病毒感染状况（25名艾滋病毒阳性）、T细胞亚群和问卷调查数据。
扩增细菌16S rRNA基因，进行测序（Illumina MiSeq），并聚类为物种水平的操作分类单元（QIIME和Greengenes）。使用回归模型和Wilcoxon检验分析与α多样性（独特的操作分类单元、香农指数）的关联。通过Adonis（QIIME）比较组成。
大多数肛门细菌为厚壁菌门（平均60.6%，范围21.1 - 91.1%）或拟杆菌门（29.4%，4.1 - 70.8%）。两次拭子之间的α多样性没有变化（N = 42对）。在拭子2中，艾滋病毒阳性者的α多样性较低（P≤0.04）且组成改变，厚壁菌门分类群较少，梭杆菌门分类群较多（P≤0.03），这并非完全归因于极低的CD4(+)细胞计数（中位数232个细胞/μl）、先前的艾滋病临床诊断（N = 17）或甲氧苄啶 - 磺胺甲恶唑的使用（N = 6）。在拭子1中观察到类似但较弱的差异（艾滋病毒阳性者中位数580个CD4(+)细胞/μl；未使用甲氧苄啶 - 磺胺甲恶唑）。与T细胞亚群、吸烟和性行为的关联为无关联或不一致。
男男性行为者的肛门微生物群在1至5年内相对稳定。然而，在未得到控制的晚期艾滋病毒感染中，微生物群组成改变且多样性降低，部分归因于抗生素。需要对微生物群落与其他免疫紊乱和临床异常的关联进行研究。
