J Pers Disord. 2014 Feb;28(1):5-18. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2014.28.1.5.
The current study examined temporal discounting (the decrease in subjective reward value as a function of increasing delay) in youths with conduct disorder (CD) and the extent to which this was modulated by level of psychopathic traits. In the temporal discounting task, participants were asked to choose between immediate rewards of varying values and a larger reward, held at a constant value ($10), whose receipt was delayed by different time intervals across trials (e.g., 7 days, 360 days). The level of immediate reward necessary for selection over the larger, delayed reward is the measure of temporal discounting. Forty-six youths (21 with CD and 25 healthy youths) participated in this study. Compared with healthy youths, youths with CD chose significantly smaller amounts of immediate reward rather than the larger future rewards. This was the case even in youths with CD without comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, level of psychopathic traits did not modulate temporal discounting in this sample. These results are discussed in terms of neurobiological models of CD and psychopathic traits.
本研究考察了品行障碍（CD）青少年的时间折扣（随着延迟时间的增加，主观奖励价值的下降），以及这种时间折扣在多大程度上受到精神变态特征水平的调节。在时间折扣任务中，要求参与者在不同价值的即时奖励和一个固定价值（$10）的更大奖励之间进行选择，更大奖励的获得会在不同的试验中通过不同的时间间隔延迟（例如，7 天、360 天）。选择较大、延迟奖励的即时奖励水平就是时间折扣的衡量标准。本研究共有 46 名青少年（21 名 CD 青少年和 25 名健康青少年）参与。与健康青少年相比，CD 青少年选择的即时奖励明显较少，而不是选择更大的未来奖励。即使是没有共患注意缺陷多动障碍的 CD 青少年也是如此。然而，在该样本中，精神变态特征的水平并没有调节时间折扣。这些结果是根据 CD 和精神变态特征的神经生物学模型进行讨论的。
