Williams David R, Mohammed Selina A
Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health ; Department of African and African American Studies and of Sociology, Harvard University ; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Nursing and Health Studies Program, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA.
Am Behav Sci. 2013 Aug 1;57(8). doi: 10.1177/0002764213487341.
This article reviews the empirical evidence that suggests that there is a solid foundation for more systematic research attention to the ways in which interventions that seek to reduce the multiple dimensions of racism can improve health and reduce disparities in health. First, research reveals that policies and procedures that seek to reduce institutional racism by improving neighborhood and educational quality and enhancing access to additional income, employment opportunities and other desirable resources can improve health. Second, research is reviewed that shows that there is the potential to improve health through interventions that can reduce cultural racism at the societal and individual level. Finally, research is presented that suggests that the adverse consequences of racism on health can be reduced through policies that maximize the health-enhancing capacities of medical care, address the social factors that initiate and sustain risk behaviors and empower individuals and communities to take control of their lives and health. Directions for future research are outlined.
本文回顾了实证证据，这些证据表明，对于旨在减少种族主义多方面影响的干预措施如何改善健康状况和减少健康差距进行更系统的研究关注有着坚实的基础。首先，研究表明，通过改善社区和教育质量、增加获得额外收入、就业机会及其他理想资源的途径来减少制度性种族主义的政策和程序能够改善健康。其次，所回顾的研究显示，通过能够在社会和个体层面减少文化种族主义的干预措施有改善健康的潜力。最后，所呈现的研究表明，通过最大化医疗保健促进健康能力的政策、解决引发和维持风险行为的社会因素以及赋予个人和社区掌控自身生活和健康的权力等政策，可以减少种族主义对健康的不利影响。文中还概述了未来的研究方向。
