Wilson V, Lefevre C E, Morton F B, Brosnan S F, Paukner A, Bates T C
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK ; Scottish Primate Research Group, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of York, UK.
Pers Individ Dif. 2014 Feb 1;58. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.10.008.
Personality has important links to health, social status, and life history outcomes (e.g. longevity and reproductive success). Human facial morphology appears to signal aspects of one's personality to others, raising questions about the evolutionary origins of such associations (e.g. signals of mate quality). Studies in non-human primates may help to achieve this goal: for instance, facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) in the male face has been associated with dominance not only in humans but also in capuchin monkeys. Here we test the association of personality (assertiveness, openness, attentiveness, neuroticism, and sociability) with fWHR, face width/lower-face height, and lower face/face height ratio in 64 capuchins (). In a structural model of personality and facial metrics, fWHR was associated with assertiveness, while lower face/face height ratio was associated with neuroticism (erratic vs. stable behaviour) and attentiveness (helpfulness vs. distractibility). Facial morphology thus appears to associate with three personality domains, which may act as a signal of status in capuchins.
人格与健康、社会地位及生活史结果（如寿命和繁殖成功率）有着重要联系。人类面部形态似乎会向他人传达一个人的人格特征，这引发了关于此类关联进化起源（如配偶质量信号）的问题。对非人类灵长类动物的研究可能有助于实现这一目标：例如，男性面部的宽高比（fWHR）不仅在人类中，而且在卷尾猴中都与支配地位相关。在此，我们测试了64只卷尾猴的人格特质（自信、开放性、专注度、神经质和社交性）与fWHR、面部宽度/下脸高度以及下脸/面部高度比之间的关联。在一个人格与面部指标的结构模型中，fWHR与自信相关，而下脸/面部高度比与神经质（行为不稳定与稳定）和专注度（乐于助人与注意力分散）相关。因此，面部形态似乎与三个人格领域相关联，这可能在卷尾猴中作为一种地位信号。
