Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of the Sciences Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Front Psychol. 2013 Nov 27;4:887. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00887. eCollection 2013.
There is increasing interest in understanding what role, if any, sex and sexual orientation play in body dissatisfaction, its correlates to distress, and its relationship to disordered eating. The goals of the present study were to examine: (a) differences in sex and sexual orientation in internalization of societal pressure to modify physical appearance, components of body image dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and eating disorder symptomatology and (b) whether the internalization-eating disorder symptomatology was mediated by the different components of body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem. The present data support several key trends in the literature: men generally reported less body dissatisfaction, internalization of socio-cultural standards of beauty, drive for thinness, and disordered eating, but a greater drive for muscularity than women; results also indicated that different components of body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between internalization and eating disorder symptomatology. Gay men reported significantly more body dissatisfaction, internalization, eating disorder symptomatology, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity than heterosexual men. Compared to heterosexual women, lesbians reported increased drive for muscularity, lower self-esteem, and lower internalization; however, they did not significantly differ on body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness or disordered eating. Correlation coefficients between body shape dissatisfaction and several aspects of mental distress were significantly larger for gay men than heterosexual men; the same coefficients did not differ between lesbian women and heterosexual women. Results of path analyses indicated that the relationship between internalization and disordered eating differs for gay and heterosexual men but not for lesbian and heterosexual women. These results call attention to lesbians as a generally understudied population.
人们越来越关注了解性和性取向在身体不满、与其相关的痛苦以及与饮食失调的关系中扮演的角色（如果有的话）。本研究的目的是检验：（a）在内在化社会对改变外貌的压力、身体形象不满的组成部分、自尊和饮食失调症状方面，性别和性取向存在差异；（b）内在化-饮食失调症状是否通过身体形象不满和低自尊的不同组成部分来调节。本研究数据支持文献中的几个主要趋势：男性通常报告较少的身体不满、内在化社会文化美的标准、对瘦的渴望和饮食失调，但对肌肉的渴望比女性更大；结果还表明，身体形象不满和低自尊的不同组成部分部分调节了内在化和饮食失调症状之间的关系。男同性恋者比异性恋男性报告了更多的身体不满、内在化、饮食失调症状、对瘦的渴望和对肌肉的渴望。与异性恋女性相比，女同性恋者报告了更强的肌肉渴望、更低的自尊和更低的内在化；然而，她们在身体不满、对瘦的渴望或饮食失调方面没有显著差异。体型不满与精神困扰几个方面之间的相关系数在男同性恋者中明显大于异性恋男性；女同性恋者和异性恋女性之间的相同系数没有差异。路径分析的结果表明，内在化和饮食失调之间的关系在男同性恋者和异性恋男性中不同，但在女同性恋者和异性恋女性中没有不同。这些结果引起了对女同性恋者这一普遍研究不足的群体的关注。
