Numoto Yoko, Mori Takayuki, Maeda Shigeru, Tomoyasu Yumiko, Higuchi Hitoshi, Egusa Masahiko, Miyawaki Takuya
Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Special Care Dentistry, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
Center of the Special Needs Dentistry Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
Open Dent J. 2013 Nov 29;7:157-61. doi: 10.2174/1874210601307010157. eCollection 2013.
Teeth are fundamental to maintaining good quality of life, but are often lost prematurely in individuals with intellectual disability. Furthermore, since bone mass decreases in menopausal women, women with intellectual disability have an augmented risk of losing their teeth. However, the relationship between periodontal disease-related tooth loss and bone mass has never been studied specifically in patients with intellectual disability. This study evaluated this relationship in a retrospective cohort study. Participants were female dental patients aged between 20 and 50 years and with an intellectual disability, who were treated in the Special Needs Dentistry unit of the Okayama University Hospital from January 2009 to March 2010. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze which factors affect periodontal disease-related tooth loss. Information relating to 12 predictor variables, including age and bone mass level, was derived from medical records. The 27 subjects had a total of 704 teeth at the time of initial examination, but 20 teeth (2.8%) had been lost owing to periodontal disease by the time bone mass measurements were recorded. Results of the multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated a significant odds ratio for three items: number of missing teeth at the time of initial examination, bone mass, and living environment. This result suggests that low bone mass is an independent risk factor in tooth loss secondary to periodontal disease in patients with intellectual disability. Dentists should thus take account of this heightened risk of tooth loss when caring for post-menopausal women with intellectual disability.
牙齿对于维持高质量生活至关重要，但智障人士的牙齿往往过早脱落。此外，由于绝经后女性的骨量会减少，智障女性牙齿脱落的风险更高。然而，牙周病相关牙齿脱落与骨量之间的关系在智障患者中从未得到专门研究。本研究在一项回顾性队列研究中评估了这种关系。参与者为年龄在20至50岁之间且患有智障的女性牙科患者，她们于2009年1月至2010年3月在冈山大学医院特殊需求牙科科室接受治疗。采用逻辑回归分析来分析哪些因素会影响牙周病相关牙齿脱落。与包括年龄和骨量水平在内的12个预测变量相关的信息来自病历。27名受试者在初次检查时共有704颗牙齿，但在记录骨量测量时，已有20颗牙齿（2.8%）因牙周病而脱落。多项逻辑回归分析结果表明，有三项因素的优势比具有统计学意义：初次检查时的缺失牙数量、骨量和生活环境。这一结果表明，骨量低是智障患者牙周病继发牙齿脱落的一个独立危险因素。因此，牙医在照顾绝经后智障女性时应考虑到这种更高的牙齿脱落风险。
