Li Guo-xing, Pan Xiao-chuan
Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China. Email:
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2013 Sep 10;93(34):2703-6.
To evaluate the adverse effects of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) on public health in four typical cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi'an.
Daily health and meteorological data (including ambient temperature and relative humidity) were collected in the past several years. For the relative risk of PM2.5 effects on mortalities, generalized additive model (GAM) was used to obtain the exposure-response coefficients between PM2.5 and non-accidental mortalities after controlling time trend, week effects and meteorological factors. Then excess mortalities were calculated according to coefficients, health data and air pollution level.
The relative risks of PM2.5 effects on mortalities were 1.0027(1.0010-1.0044), 1.0020 (1.0007-1.0033) , 1.0056 (1.0022-1.0091), 1.0036 (1.0011-1.0061) for Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai, Guangzhou respectively. Compared with relative risks in northern cities (Beijing and Xi'an), relative risks in southern cities (Shanghai and Guangzhou) were higher. The numbers of excess mortalities caused by PM2.5 in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi'an were 2349, 2980, 1715, 726 and accounted for 1.9%, 1.6%, 2.2% and 1.6% of the total death number in 2010 respectively.
Although relative health risks caused by PM2.5 vary geographically for urban residents, public health is endangered. More efforts should be devoted to reducing PM2.5 pollution.
评估空气动力学直径≤2.5微米的颗粒物（PM2.5）对北京、上海、广州和西安这四个典型城市公众健康的不利影响。
收集过去数年的每日健康和气象数据（包括环境温度和相对湿度）。对于PM2.5对死亡率影响的相对风险，采用广义相加模型（GAM）在控制时间趋势、周效应和气象因素后获得PM2.5与非意外死亡率之间的暴露-反应系数。然后根据系数、健康数据和空气污染水平计算超额死亡率。
北京、西安、上海、广州PM2.5对死亡率影响的相对风险分别为1.0027（1.0010 - 1.0044）、1.0020（1.0007 - 1.0033）、1.0056（1.0022 - 1.0091）、1.0036（1.0011 - 1.0061）。与北方城市（北京和西安）的相对风险相比，南方城市（上海和广州）的相对风险更高。2010年北京、上海、广州、西安由PM2.5导致的超额死亡人数分别为2349、2980、1715、726，分别占总死亡人数的1.9%、1.6%、2.2%和1.6%。
尽管PM2.5对城市居民造成的相对健康风险存在地域差异，但公众健康仍受到威胁。应加大力度减少PM2.5污染。
