Zhang Yan-shen, Ma Guo-xia, Yu Fang, Cao Dong
Center for Environmental Risk & Damage Assessment, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China. Email:
Center for Environmental Risk & Damage Assessment, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2013 Sep 10;93(34):2707-10.
To assess the human health damage due to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) exposure during the haze pollution events in 12 cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in January 2013.
The data were collected for urban population, ambient air quality, baseline mortality rate and emergency visits in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Chengde, Handan, Langfang, Hengshui, Qinhuangdao, Tangshan, Xingtai and Zhangjiakou. Then the exposure-response relationship was constructed between short-term PM2.5 exposure and mortality and emergency room visits with meta-analysis. Thus the excess deaths and emergency room visits due to PM2.5 exposure were estimated during the haze pollution events using city-specific exposure population, PM2.5 daily concentration and exposure-response coefficients.
Three serious PM2.5 pollution events occurred on January 12, January 19 and January 27 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region respectively. From January 10 to January 31, the 24 h mean concentrations of PM2.5 in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Handan, Xingtai, Baoding, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Langfang, Hengshui were 705, 411, 675, 506, 255, 598, 698, 667, 231, 178, 718 and 405 µg/m(3). Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Baoding, Langfang and Beijing were the more polluted areas. And there were 17 days (77.3%), 13 days (59.1%), 12 days (54.5%), 11 days (50.0%), 10 days (45.5%) and 8 days (36.4%) of Air Quality Index reaching the serious level respectively. The short-term PM2.5 exposure caused 2725 excess death including 846 excess deaths duo to respiratory disease and 1878 excess deaths due to circulatory disease in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from January 10 to January 31.
The haze pollution events led to serious public health damage. And it is imperative to take actions of controlling PM2.5 pollution.
评估2013年1月京津冀地区12个城市雾霾污染事件期间，因暴露于粒径≤2.5微米的颗粒物（PM2.5）而导致的人体健康损害。
收集北京、天津、石家庄、保定、承德、邯郸、廊坊、衡水、秦皇岛、唐山、邢台和张家口的城市人口、环境空气质量、基线死亡率和急诊就诊数据。然后采用荟萃分析构建短期PM2.5暴露与死亡率及急诊就诊之间的暴露-反应关系。因此，利用特定城市的暴露人口、PM2.5日浓度和暴露-反应系数，估算雾霾污染事件期间因PM2.5暴露导致的超额死亡人数和急诊就诊人数。
京津冀地区分别于1月12日、1月19日和1月27日发生了三次严重的PM2.5污染事件。1月10日至1月31日，北京、天津、石家庄、唐山、秦皇岛、邯郸、邢台、保定、张家口、承德、廊坊、衡水的PM2.5 24小时平均浓度分别为705、411、675、506、255、598、698、667、231、178、718和405微克/立方米。邢台、石家庄、邯郸、保定、廊坊和北京是污染较重的地区。空气质量指数分别有17天（77.3%）、13天（59.1%）、12天（54.5%）、11天（50.0%）、10天（45.5%）和8天（36.4%）达到严重级别。1月10日至1月31日，京津冀地区短期PM2.5暴露导致2725例超额死亡，其中因呼吸系统疾病导致846例超额死亡，因循环系统疾病导致1878例超额死亡。
雾霾污染事件导致了严重的公众健康损害。采取控制PM2.5污染的行动势在必行。
