College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Mar 20;16(6):1012. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16061012.
A set of exposure⁻response coefficients between fine particulate matter (PM) pollution and different health endpoints were determined through the meta-analysis method based on 2254 studies collected from the Web of Science database. With data including remotely-sensed PM concentration, demographic data, health data, and survey data, a Poisson regression model was used to assess the health losses and their economic value caused by PM pollution in cities of atmospheric pollution transmission channel in the Beijing⁻Tianjin⁻Hebei region, China. The results showed the following: (1) Significant exposure⁻response relationships existed between PM pollution and a set of health endpoints, including all-cause death, death from circulatory disease, death from respiratory disease, death from lung cancer, hospitalization for circulatory disease, hospitalization for respiratory disease, and outpatient emergency treatment. Each increase of 10 μg/m³ in PM concentration led to an increase of 5.69% (95% CI (confidence interval): 4.12%, 7.85%), 6.88% (95% CI: 4.94%, 9.58%), 4.71% (95% CI: 2.93%, 7.57%), 9.53% (95% CI: 6.84%, 13.28%), 5.33% (95% CI: 3.90%, 7.27%), 5.50% (95% CI: 4.09%, 7.38%), and 6.35% (95% CI: 4.71%, 8.56%) for above-mentioned health endpoints, respectively. (2) PM pollution posed a serious threat to residents' health. In 2016, the number of deaths, hospitalizations, and outpatient emergency visits induced by PM pollution in cities of atmospheric pollution transmission channel in the Beijing⁻Tianjin⁻Hebei region reached 309,643, 1,867,240, and 47,655,405, respectively, accounting for 28.36%, 27.02% and 30.13% of the total number of deaths, hospitalizations, and outpatient emergency visits, respectively. (3) The economic value of health losses due to PM pollution in the study area was approximately $28.1 billion, accounting for 1.52% of the gross domestic product. The economic value of health losses was higher in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, Handan, Baoding, and Cangzhou, but lower in Taiyuan, Yangquan, Changzhi, Jincheng, and Hebi.
基于从 Web of Science 数据库中收集的 2254 项研究，采用荟萃分析方法确定了细颗粒物（PM）污染与不同健康终点之间的一组暴露-反应系数。利用包括遥感 PM 浓度、人口统计学数据、健康数据和调查数据在内的数据，采用泊松回归模型评估了中国京津冀地区大气污染传输通道城市 PM 污染造成的健康损失及其经济价值。结果表明：（1）PM 污染与一系列健康终点之间存在显著的暴露-反应关系，包括全因死亡、循环系统疾病死亡、呼吸系统疾病死亡、肺癌死亡、循环系统疾病住院、呼吸系统疾病住院和门诊急诊。PM 浓度每增加 10μg/m³，导致全因死亡率增加 5.69%（95%置信区间：4.12%，7.85%）、循环系统疾病死亡率增加 6.88%（95%置信区间：4.94%，9.58%）、呼吸系统疾病死亡率增加 4.71%（95%置信区间：2.93%，7.57%）、肺癌死亡率增加 9.53%（95%置信区间：6.84%，13.28%）、循环系统疾病住院率增加 5.33%（95%置信区间：3.90%，7.27%）、呼吸系统疾病住院率增加 5.50%（95%置信区间：4.09%，7.38%）和门诊急诊率增加 6.35%（95%置信区间：4.71%，8.56%）。（2）PM 污染对居民健康构成严重威胁。2016 年，京津冀地区大气污染传输通道城市因 PM 污染导致的死亡、住院和门诊急诊人数分别达到 309643 人、1867240 人、47655405 人，分别占总死亡、住院和门诊急诊人数的 28.36%、27.02%和 30.13%。（3）研究区域内 PM 污染导致的健康损失经济价值约为 281 亿美元，占国内生产总值的 1.52%。北京、天津、石家庄、郑州、邯郸、保定和沧州的健康损失经济价值较高，而太原、阳泉、长治、晋城和鹤壁的健康损失经济价值较低。
