Liang Fengchao, Tian Lin, Guo Qun, Westerdahl Dane, Liu Yang, Jin Xiaobin, Li Guoxing, Pan Xiaochuan
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jul 5;14(7):725. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14070725.
In January 2013, severe haze events over northeastern China sparked substantial health concerns. This study explores the associations of fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM) and black carbon (BC) with hospital emergency room visits (ERVs) during a haze season in Beijing. During that period, daily counts of ERVs for respiratory, cardiovascular and ocular diseases were obtained from a Level-3A hospital in Beijing from 1 December 2012 to 28 February 2013, and associations of which with PM and BC were estimated by time-stratified case-crossover analysis in single- and two-pollutant models. We found a 27.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 13.0, 43.9%) increase in respiratory ERV (lag02), a 19.4% (95% CI: 2.5, 39.0%) increase in cardiovascular ERV (lag0), and a 12.6% (95% CI: 0.0, 26.7%) increase in ocular ERV (lag0) along with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in the PM. An IQR increase of BC was associated with 27.6% (95% CI: 9.6, 48.6%) (lag02), 18.8% (95% CI: 1.4, 39.2%) (lag0) and 11.8% (95% CI: -1.4, 26.8%) (lag0) increases for changes in these same health outcomes respectively. Estimated associations were consistent after adjusting SO₂ or NO₂ in two-pollutant models. This study provides evidence that improving air quality and reducing haze days would greatly benefit the population health.
2013年1月，中国东北地区的严重雾霾事件引发了人们对健康的高度关注。本研究探讨了北京雾霾季节期间，小于2.5微米的细颗粒物（PM）和黑碳（BC）与医院急诊室就诊（ERV）之间的关联。在此期间，获取了2012年12月1日至2013年2月28日北京一家三级甲等医院呼吸道、心血管和眼部疾病的每日急诊室就诊次数，并在单污染物模型和双污染物模型中通过时间分层病例交叉分析估计了这些疾病与PM和BC之间的关联。我们发现，随着PM四分位间距（IQR）的增加，呼吸道急诊室就诊次数（滞后0 - 2天）增加了27.5%（95%置信区间（CI）：13.0，43.9%），心血管急诊室就诊次数（滞后0天）增加了19.4%（95% CI：2.5，39.0%），眼部急诊室就诊次数（滞后0天）增加了12.6%（95% CI：0.0，26.7%）。BC的IQR增加分别与这些相同健康结果变化的27.6%（95% CI：9.6，48.6%）（滞后0 - 2天）、18.8%（95% CI：1.4，39.2%）（滞后0天）和11.8%（95% CI： - 1.4，26.8%）（滞后0天）增加相关。在双污染物模型中调整二氧化硫或二氧化氮后，估计的关联仍然一致。本研究提供了证据表明，改善空气质量和减少雾霾天数将使公众健康受益匪浅。
