Roalf David R, Ruparel Kosha, Gur Raquel E, Bilker Warren, Gerraty Raphael, Elliott Mark A, Gallagher R Sean, Almasy Laura, Pogue-Geile Michael F, Prasad Konasale, Wood Joel, Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L, Gur Ruben C
Neuropsychiatry Section.
Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.
Neuropsychology. 2014 Mar;28(2):161-176. doi: 10.1037/neu0000011. Epub 2013 Dec 23.
The advent of functional MRI (fMRI) enables the identification of brain regions recruited for specific behavioral tasks. Most fMRI studies focus on group effects in single tasks, which limits applicability where assessment of individual differences and multiple brain systems is needed.
We demonstrate the feasibility of concurrently measuring fMRI activation patterns and performance on a computerized neurocognitive battery (CNB) in 212 healthy individuals at 2 sites. Cross-validated sparse regression of regional brain amplitude and extent of activation were used to predict concurrent performance on 6 neurocognitive tasks: abstraction/mental flexibility, attention, emotion processing, and verbal, face, and spatial memory.
Brain activation was task responsive and domain specific, as reported in previous single-task studies. Prediction of performance was robust for most tasks, particularly for abstraction/mental flexibility and visuospatial memory.
The feasibility of administering a comprehensive neuropsychological battery in the scanner was established, and task-specific brain activation patterns improved prediction beyond demographic information. This benchmark index of performance-associated brain activation can be applied to link brain activation with neurocognitive performance during standardized testing. This first step in standardizing a neurocognitive battery for use in fMRI may enable quantitative assessment of patients with brain disorders across multiple cognitive domains. Such data may facilitate identification of neural dysfunction associated with poor performance, allow for identification of individuals at risk for brain disorders, and help guide early intervention and rehabilitation of neurocognitive deficits.
功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的出现使得识别参与特定行为任务的脑区成为可能。大多数fMRI研究聚焦于单一任务中的群体效应，这限制了其在需要评估个体差异和多个脑系统的情况下的适用性。
我们证明了在两个地点对212名健康个体同时测量fMRI激活模式和在计算机化神经认知测试组合（CNB）上的表现的可行性。使用区域脑激活幅度和激活范围的交叉验证稀疏回归来预测在6项神经认知任务上的同时表现：抽象/心理灵活性、注意力、情绪处理以及言语、面部和空间记忆。
如先前单一任务研究中所报道的，脑激活具有任务响应性和领域特异性。对大多数任务而言，表现的预测是可靠的，尤其是对于抽象/心理灵活性和视觉空间记忆。
确定了在扫描仪中进行全面神经心理测试组合的可行性，并且特定任务的脑激活模式在人口统计学信息之外提高了预测能力。这种与表现相关的脑激活的基准指标可用于在标准化测试期间将脑激活与神经认知表现联系起来。为fMRI使用标准化神经认知测试组合的这第一步可能使对患有脑部疾病的患者在多个认知领域进行定量评估成为可能。此类数据可能有助于识别与表现不佳相关的神经功能障碍，确定有脑部疾病风险的个体，并有助于指导神经认知缺陷的早期干预和康复。
