Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2018 Apr 16;84(9). doi: 10.1128/AEM.02601-17. Print 2018 May 1.
Spore samplers are widely used in pathogen surveillance but not so much for monitoring the composition of aeromycobiota. In Canada, a nationwide spore-sampling network (AeroNet) was established as a pilot project to assess fungal community composition in air and rain samples collected using three different spore samplers in the summers of 2010 and 2011. Metabarcodes of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were exhaustively characterized for three of the network sites, in British Columbia (BC), Québec (QC), and Prince Edward Island (PEI), to compare performance of the samplers. Sampler type accounted for ca. 20% of the total explainable variance in aeromycobiota compositional heterogeneity, with air samplers recovering more Ascomycota and rain samplers recovering more Basidiomycota. Spore samplers showed different abilities to collect 27 fungal genera that are plant pathogens. For instance, spp., spp., and spp. were collected mainly by air samplers, while spp., spp., and spp. were recovered more frequently with rain samplers. The diversity and abundance of some fungi were significantly affected by sampling location and time (e.g., and ) and weather conditions (e.g., and ), and depended on using ITS1 or ITS2 as the barcoding region (e.g., and ). The observation that Canada's aeromycobiota diversity correlates with cooler, wetter conditions and northward wind requires support from more long-term data sets. Our vision of the AeroNet network, combined with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and well-designed sampling strategies, may contribute significantly to a national biovigilance network for protecting plants of agricultural and economic importance in Canada. The current study compared the performance of spore samplers for collecting broad-spectrum air- and rain-borne fungal pathogens using a metabarcoding approach. The results provided a thorough characterization of the aeromycobiota in the coastal regions of Canada in relation to the influence of climatic factors. This study lays the methodological basis to eventually develop knowledge-based guidance on pest surveillance by assisting in the selection of appropriate spore samplers.
孢子采样器广泛应用于病原体监测，但在监测气生菌区系组成方面应用较少。在加拿大，建立了一个全国性的孢子采样网络（AeroNet），作为一个试点项目，以评估 2010 年和 2011 年夏季使用三种不同孢子采样器采集的空气和雨水样本中的真菌群落组成。对不列颠哥伦比亚省（BC）、魁北克省（QC）和爱德华王子岛省（PEI）三个网络站点的三种网络采样器的内部转录间隔区（ITS）的代谢条形码进行了详尽的描述，以比较采样器的性能。采样器类型约占气生菌区系组成异质性总可解释方差的 20%，其中空气采样器回收的子囊菌较多，雨水采样器回收的担子菌较多。孢子采样器在收集 27 种植物病原菌的真菌属方面表现出不同的能力。例如， spp.、 spp. 和 spp. 主要由空气采样器收集，而 spp.、 spp. 和 spp. 则更频繁地被雨水采样器收集。一些真菌的多样性和丰度受到采样地点和时间（如 和 ）以及天气条件（如 和 ）的显著影响，并且取决于使用 ITS1 还是 ITS2 作为条形码区域（如 和 ）。加拿大气生菌区系多样性与较冷、较湿的条件和北风有关的观察结果需要更多长期数据集的支持。我们对 AeroNet 网络的设想，结合高通量测序（HTS）和精心设计的采样策略，可能会为加拿大保护具有农业和经济重要性的植物的国家生物监测网络做出重大贡献。本研究使用代谢组学方法比较了孢子采样器收集广谱空气传播和雨水传播真菌病原体的性能。研究结果全面描述了加拿大沿海地区气生菌区系与气候因素的关系。本研究为最终开发基于知识的害虫监测指南奠定了方法学基础，有助于选择合适的孢子采样器。
