Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, PL 30, 33500, Tampere, Finland,
Sports Med. 2014 Apr;44(4):473-86. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0136-8.
The effects of methods to prevent injuries have been studied in several systematic reviews. However, no meta-analysis taking into account all randomised controlled intervention trials aiming at the prevention of sports injuries has been published.
To summarise the effects of sports injury prevention interventions.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PEDro, and Web of Science, searched in September 2013. The reference lists of retrieved articles and reviews were hand searched.
To be selected articles had to examine the effects of any preventive intervention on sports injuries, be randomised/quasi-randomised and controlled trials, published in a peer-reviewed journal. The outcome of the trial had to be injury rate or the number of injured individuals.
Of the 5580 articles retrieved after a search of databases and the relevant bibliography, 68 randomised controlled trials were included in the systematic review and 60 trials were included in the meta-analysis. Insoles (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.81), external joint supports (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30-0.53), and specific training programmes (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.46-0.66) appeared to be effective in reducing the risk of sports injuries. Stretching (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.80-1.06), modified shoes (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81-1.87), and preventive videos (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.44-1.68) seemed not to be effective.
This meta-analysis showed that certain interventions can reduce the risk of sports injuries. There were limitations regarding the quality of the trials, generalisability of the results, and heterogeneity of the study designs. In future, the mechanisms behind effective methods and the most beneficial elements of preventive training programmes need to be clarified.
已有多项系统评价研究了预防损伤的方法的效果。但是，尚未发表过综合考虑所有旨在预防运动损伤的随机对照干预试验的荟萃分析。
总结运动损伤预防干预的效果。
随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。
2013 年 9 月检索了 PubMed、MEDLINE、SPORTDiscus、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库、CINAHL、PEDro 和 Web of Science。检索了纳入文章和综述的参考文献列表，并进行了手工检索。
入选的文章必须研究任何预防干预措施对运动损伤的效果，为随机/半随机对照试验，并发表在同行评议的期刊上。试验的结果必须是损伤发生率或受伤人数。
在数据库和相关文献检索后共检索到 5580 篇文章，其中 68 项随机对照试验被纳入系统评价，60 项试验被纳入荟萃分析。鞋垫（OR 0.51，95%CI 0.32-0.81）、外部关节支撑物（OR 0.40，95%CI 0.30-0.53）和专项训练计划（OR 0.55，95%CI 0.46-0.66）似乎能有效降低运动损伤风险。拉伸（OR 0.92，95%CI 0.80-1.06）、改良鞋（OR 1.23，95%CI 0.81-1.87）和预防视频（OR 0.86，95%CI 0.44-1.68）似乎无效。
这项荟萃分析表明，某些干预措施可以降低运动损伤的风险。但试验质量、结果的普遍性和研究设计的异质性存在局限性。未来，需要明确有效方法的作用机制和预防训练计划中最有益的要素。
