Fan Zhanjiang, Min Lanbin, He Wenbin, Yang Yaorong, Ma Wen, Yao Jiayi
College of Educational Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830017, China.
Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Jun 18;16(1):135. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00921-6.
Ice and snow sports, which are inherently high risk due to their physically demanding nature, pose significant challenges in terms of participant safety. These activities increase the likelihood of injuries, largely due to reduced bodily agility and responsiveness in cold, often unpredictable winter environments. The critical need for effective injury prevention in these sports is emphasized by the considerable impact injuries have on the health of participants, alongside the economic and social costs associated with medical and rehabilitative care. In the context of ice and snow sports environments, applying the E principles of injury prevention to evaluate intervention measures can guide the implementation of future sports safety and other health promotion intervention measures in this field. When well executed, this approach can substantially reduce both the frequency and severity of injuries, thereby significantly enhancing the safety and long-term viability of these challenging sports.
The objective of this study was to rigorously assess and statistically substantiate the efficacy of diverse injury prevention strategies in ice and snow sports, aiming to bolster future safety measures with solid empirical evidence.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
The overarching aim of this research was to meticulously aggregate and scrutinize a broad spectrum of scholarly literature, focusing on the quantifiable efficacy of diverse, multicomponent intervention strategies in mitigating the incidence of injuries within the realm of ice and snow sports. This endeavour entailed an exhaustive extraction of data from esteemed academic databases, encompassing publications up to September 30, 2023. In pursuit of methodological excellence and analytical rigor, the study employed advanced bias assessment methodologies, notably the AMSTAR 2 and GRADE approaches, alongside sophisticated random-effects statistical modelling. This comprehensive approach was designed to ensure the utmost validity, reliability, and scholarly integrity of the study's findings.
Fifteen papers, including 9 randomized controlled trials, 3 case‒control studies, and 3 cohort studies with 26,123 participants and 4,382 injuries, were analysed. The findings showed a significant reduction in injury rates through various interventions: overall injury prevention (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.42-0.63), educational training (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.34-0.73), educational videos (RR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34-0.81), protective equipment (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.87), and policy changes (RR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.16-0.49). Subgroup analysis revealed potential heterogeneity in compliance (p = 0.347). Compared to controls, multicomponent interventions effectively reduced injury rates.
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that multicomponent interventions significantly prevent injuries in ice and snow sports. By applying the E principles of injury prevention and constructing a framework for practical injury prevention research in ice and snow sports, we can gradually shift towards a systemic paradigm for a better understanding of the development and prevention of sports injuries. Moreover, sports injury prevention is a complex and dynamic process. Therefore, high-quality experiments in different scenarios are needed in future research to provide more reliable evidence, offer valuable and relevant prevention information for practitioners and participants, and help formulate more effective preventive measures in practice.
冰雪运动因其对体能要求高，本质上具有高风险，在参与者安全方面构成重大挑战。这些活动增加了受伤的可能性，主要是因为在寒冷且往往不可预测的冬季环境中，身体的敏捷性和反应能力会下降。伤病对参与者健康造成的相当大影响，以及与医疗和康复护理相关的经济和社会成本，凸显了在这些运动中有效预防伤病的迫切需求。在冰雪运动环境中，应用预防伤害的E原则来评估干预措施，可以指导该领域未来运动安全及其他健康促进干预措施的实施。如果执行得当，这种方法可以大幅降低伤病的频率和严重程度，从而显著提高这些具有挑战性的运动的安全性和长期可行性。
本研究的目的是严格评估并通过统计学证实各种冰雪运动伤害预防策略的有效性，旨在用确凿的实证证据加强未来的安全措施。
系统评价和荟萃分析。
本研究的总体目标是精心汇总和审查广泛的学术文献，重点关注各种多成分干预策略在降低冰雪运动领域伤病发生率方面的可量化效果。这项工作需要从著名学术数据库中详尽提取数据，涵盖截至2023年9月30日的出版物。为追求方法卓越性和分析严谨性，本研究采用了先进的偏倚评估方法，特别是AMSTAR 2和GRADE方法，以及复杂的随机效应统计模型。这种综合方法旨在确保研究结果的最大效度、信度和学术完整性。
分析了15篇论文，包括9项随机对照试验、3项病例对照研究和3项队列研究，涉及26,123名参与者和4,382例伤病。研究结果表明，通过各种干预措施，伤病率显著降低：总体伤害预防（RR = 0.50，95%CI 0.42 - 0.63）、教育培训（RR = 0.50，95%CI 0.34 - 0.73）、教育视频（RR = 0.53，95%CI 0.34 - 0.81）、防护装备（RR = 0.64，95%CI 0.46 - 0.87）和政策变化（RR = 0.28，95%CI 0.16 - 0.49）。亚组分析显示在依从性方面存在潜在异质性（p = 0.347）。与对照组相比，多成分干预有效地降低了伤病率。
这项系统评价和荟萃分析表明，多成分干预能显著预防冰雪运动中的伤病。通过应用预防伤害的E原则并构建冰雪运动实际伤害预防研究的框架，我们可以逐步转向一种系统范式，以更好地理解运动损伤的发生和预防。此外，运动损伤预防是一个复杂且动态的过程。因此，未来研究需要在不同场景下进行高质量实验，以提供更可靠的证据，为从业者和参与者提供有价值且相关的预防信息，并帮助在实践中制定更有效的预防措施。
